The invention relates to a method for preparing nanometer nitro celluloses, and belongs to the technical field of special
chemical engineering. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 1, performing ultrasonic pre-treatment on cotton
cellulose powder in ice bath, and performing pumping
filtration and
drying on the cotton
cellulose powder for later use; and soaking the
cellulose powder in
sulfuric acid solution at a certain concentration, controlling a
solid-
liquid ratio within 17.5 to 50g / mL, stirring the
mixed solution to perform reaction in water bath at the temperature of between 45 and 75 DEG C for certain time, adding water to dilute the
mixed solution, performing the
centrifugal separation on the reaction solution until a pH value of the
mixed solution is 6 to 7, and ultrasonically dispersing the mixed solution to obtain the stable nanometer cellulose
crystal whisker suspension; 2, adding a proper amount of
nitric acid into the nanometer cellulose
crystal whisker suspension so as to make the nanometer cellulose
crystal whisker suspension reach the needed concentration, adding water to dilute the mixed solution, and performing
centrifugation and washing until the pH value of the mixed solution is 6 to 7; and 3, moving precipitates to an
evaporating dish, and performing
vacuum drying on the precipitates at the temperature of 50 DEG C to obtain the nanometer nitro cellulose powder. In the method, because the composition of the acid is single, the post-treatment and the reutilization of the acid are convenient; and the nitrifying time is shortened, and the stability is improved; and the nanometer nitro celluloses can be used as the energetic reinforcing materials.