672 results about "Signal routing" patented technology

A molecular-wire crossbar interconnect for signal routing and communications between a first level and a second level in a molecular-wire crossbar is provided. The molecular wire crossbar comprises a two-dimensional array of a plurality of nanometer-scale switches. Each switch is reconfigurable and self-assembling and comprises a pair of crossed wires which form a junction where one wire crosses another and at least one connector species connecting the pair of crossed wires in the junction. The connector species comprises a bi-stable molecule. Each level comprises at least one group of switches and each group of switches comprises at least one switch, with each group in the first level connected to all other groups in the second level in an all-to-all configuration to provide a scalable, defect-tolerant, fat-tree networking scheme. The primary advantage is ease of fabrication, because an active switch is formed any time two wires cross. This saves tremendously on circuit area (a factor of a few times ten), since no other wires or ancillary devices are needed to operate the switch or store the required configuration. This reduction of the area of a configuration bit and its switch to just the area of two crossing wires is a major advantage in constructing a defect-tolerant interconnect network.

A signal router is described. The signal router includes a switching matrix, an error detector and a controller. The switching matrix includes a first number of inputs and a second number of outputs, and is configured to receive an information stream. The error detector is coupled to one of the second number of outputs, and is configured to generate error information by virtue of being configured to detect errors in the information stream. Likewise, the controller is coupled to the switching matrix and error detector. The controller is configured to select one of the first number of inputs, receive error information from the error detector, and configure the switching matrix to couple the selected input to one of the outputs.

A route to the fabrication of electronic devices is provided, in which the devices consist of two crossed wires sandwiching an electrically addressable molecular species. The approach is extremely simple and inexpensive to implement, and scales from wire dimensions of several micrometers down to nanometer-scale dimensions. The device of the present invention can be used to produce crossbar switch arrays, logic devices, memory devices, and communication and signal routing devices. The present invention enables construction of molecular electronic devices on a length scale than can range from micrometers to nanometers via a straightforward and inexpensive chemical assembly procedure. The device is either partially or completely chemically assembled, and the key to the scaling is that the location of the devices on the substrate are defined once the devices have been assembled, not prior to assembly.

An optical signaling header technique applicable to optical networks wherein packet routing information is embedded in the same channel or wavelength as the data payload so that both the header and data payload propagate through network elements with the same path and the associated delays. The header routing information has sufficiently different characteristics from the data payload so that the signaling header can be detected without being affected by the data payload, and that the signaling header can also be removed without affecting the data payload. The signal routing technique can be overlaid onto the conventional network elements in a modular manner using two types of applique modules. The first type effects header encoding and decoding at the entry and exit points of the data payload into and out of the network; the second type effects header detection at each of the network elements.

An open platform architecture and methods for shared resource access management are provided. A redirection module in kernel space receives requests for access to resources from applications in user space. The redirection module routes signals representative of the received requests to a device driver interface in user space. Components of the device driver interface include resource management modules and device drivers that correspond to available resources. The resource management modules generate queries to the device drivers regarding availability of the requested resources. Upon receipt of resource status information from the device drivers, components of the device driver interface generate schedules for granting access to the requested resources. Further, the device driver interface components control access to the resources in accordance with the generated schedules including issuing responses to the requesting applications and the device drivers of the requested resources.

A distributed antenna system comprises a base transceiver station, a plurality of distributed antenna units and a signal routing apparatus. The base transceiver station has a plurality of output ports that generate a plurality of downlink signals having overlapping transmit frequencies and containing different communication content. The different communication content is directed toward each of a plurality of mobile units. The base transceiver station also has at least one uplink receive port that receives an uplink signal. The uplink signal includes communication content received from at least one of the mobile units. The plurality of distributed antenna units have coverage areas that are non-overlapping or only partially overlapping. The signal routing apparatus routes the downlink signals to the plurality of distributed antennas such that each of the plurality of downlink signals are transmitted by one or more of the distributed antennas and each distributed antenna only transmits one of the downlink signals.

A video monitoring system for a plurality of sites. A site security system is located at each site and includes one or more video cameras each outputting a video signal and a processor configured to receive a video signal from each camera, detect predetermined events based on the video signal, generate a video alarm signal upon the detection of an event, transmit the video alarm signal to a central station, and establish a video signal link either with the central station or one of a plurality of satellite stations according to a predetermined protocol upon the transmission of a video alarm signal. A central station includes a router for routing any received video signal to one or more workstations and for routing the video alarm signal to a server configured to associate the video alarm signal with a particular satellite station and to forward the video alarm signal to that satellite station. The satellite station includes a workstation configured to receive the video alarm signal from the central station and to receive the video signal from the site security system.

A signal distribution system for distributing signals, such as for outdoor wireless networks, comprises a number of remote hubs, each of which can direct wireless signals to a number of antennas. The antennas are used to provide wireless service to the service users, such as mobile units, within their geographic coverage area. The remote hubs are connected to main hubs, which are usually located centrally. Each main hub can support a number of remote hubs. The main hubs are connected to a number of base stations (again usually located centrally) in a flexible and re-configurable manner using a switch matrix. Some remote hubs may also include switched matrices for a further level of signal routing.

A reprogrammable integrated circuit, including one or more logic dies including circuit components; and one or more reprogrammable interconnect dies including reprogrammable interconnect components electrically connected to the circuit components to define signal routing paths between the circuit components to allow a user to develop an integrated circuit.

An apparatus and method provide non-intrusive in-service testing of audio / video synchronization testing without using traditional audio marker tones. The network includes an A / V synchronous test signal generator which injects video and audio markers into the video and audio non-intrusively and routes the two signals into a switch where they are switched into a channel for encoding and transmission via the ATM network. At the distant end the signal is decoded and routed by a switch into the A / V test generator and measurement set where the markers are detected and the A / V skew calculated, after which the audio and video are routed to the subscriber. The A / V test set signal generator includes a Video Blanking Interval (VBI) test signal generator and a white noise generator, the former injecting a marker into the video signal and the later injecting an audio marker into the audio signal. The video marker is injected into the VBI and broadband, background audio noise to measure the delay between the audio and video components of a broadcast. The marking of the audio is accomplished by gradually injecting white noise into the audio channel until the noise level is 6 dB above the noise floor of the audio receiver. As a precursor A / V sync signal, a small spectrum of the white noise is notched or removed. This signature precludes inadvertent recognition of program audio noise as the audio marker.

A method of manufacturing a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) is provided, the PCB having blind vias connecting to power layers. A portion of the blind vias in the power layers are grouped together to form a cluster of blind vias. Signal layers, provided separate from the power layers, include signal routing channels, with at least some of the signal routing channels aligned above or below the cluster of blind vias of the power layers.

A remote parking meter monitoring system is provided. The system has a plurality of radio transceivers. Each transceiver communicates with at least one other transceiver within a transceiver communication region. The transceivers are integrated to parking meters. A separate aggregate point has a transceiver and a communication network that is connected to a computer. The aggregate point communicates with at least one proximal transceiver and communicates to the computer through the network. The system has a mesh communication arrangement, and a signal routing architecture, where the information is communicated along any path of adjacent communication regions. The computer is able to communicate information through the network to the aggregate point, and the aggregate point transceiver sends the information to the proximal transceiver. The information is communicated to any one of the transceivers in the mesh using the routing architecture by communicating the signal through any path between adjacent communication regions.

An aircraft seat assembly including at least one electronic component usable by a passenger and a single integrated electronics system which provides signal decoding, signal routing, data management, built in test, and power conversion for each user accessible electronic component which is installed in the seat assembly. The integrated electronics system provides power conversion, signal routing, data management and other electronic requirements for each of the electronic components. The integrated electronics system not only integrates power conversion and signal management responsibilities into one system, but also is integrated into the seat assembly.

A route to the fabrication of electronic devices is provided, in which the devices consist of two crossed wires sandwiching an electrically addressable molecular species. The approach is extremely simple and inexpensive to implement, and scales from wire dimensions of several micrometers down to nanometer-scale dimensions. The device of the present invention can be used to produce crossbar switch arrays, logic devices, memory devices, and communication and signal routing devices. The present invention enables construction of molecular electronic devices on a length scale than can range from micrometers to nanometers via a straightforward and inexpensive chemical assembly procedure. The device is either partially or completely chemically assembled, and the key to the scaling is that the location of the devices on the substrate are defined once the devices have been assembled, not prior to assembly.

A mesh network mobile unit includes a communications arrangement operable to provide two-way communication between the unit and a mesh network and a regeneration arrangement operable to receive and retransmit signals between other mesh network mobile units and the mesh network. The unit also includes a power receiving arrangement operable to receive power from a power source, wherein the power source is selected from either an internal power source or an external power source and a power utilization arrangement operable to alternatively enable or disable the regeneration arrangement depending upon the selected power source. Embodiments of the invention also include a positioning system that determines the physical location of the mobile unit and uses the information to route signals to the unit.

An audiovisual signal is converted from a native format to a digital, packetized interchange format and transported between a capture node and a display node through a switch. The display node converts the audiovisual signal from the interchange format to a displayable format and causes display of the audiovisual signal. The use of a switch for video routing and distribution allows one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many distribution. The use of a device-independent interchange format allows concurrent distribution of multiple heterogeneous audiovisual signals.

A system for redistributing a multiple input audio / video and data signals having a redistributing device equipped to receive signals in a multiple formats and redistribute a selected signal to a user's premises over conductors, preferably existing twisted-pair telephone wire. The redistributing device is in interactive communication with a communications interface located in the user's premises which receives user-input control signals and contains switching circuitry which routes the selected signal to the user's premises where it is received by the receiving unit such as a television receiver. A single redistributing device services an entire multi-user network from a common distribution point, and services multiple users independently. The system of the invention does not interfere with normal use of the telephone network, so users can interactively access services provided by the system and use the telephone at the same time. In one preferred embodiment the system of the invention dynamically allocates frequencies and modulation techniques to various output signals, to maximize spectral efficiency and minimize interference and cross-talk.

A system for directly connecting a mobile communication system to a data network is provided. A user initiates data communication with the data network from a mobile communication system equipped with a computer, a modem and a mobile communication device. Data communication signals, which may be designated for routing to the data network, are transmitted from the mobile communication device to a hybrid base station having a standard base station, a control unit and a data network gateway, via a wireless telecommunication network. The signals are received by the hybrid base station and routed to the control unit which determines whether the received data communication signals are of the type designated for routing to the data network. If the data communication signals are of the type so designated, the control unit routes the signals to the data network gateway, which then connects the mobile communication system to the data network, enabling a direct data communication connection therebetween via the wireless data communication network. Otherwise, the data communication signals are routed to another destination, such as to another base station or to the PSTN.

A semiconductor device has multiple power-supply through electrodes, grounding through electrodes, and signal-routing through electrodes made through a semiconductor chip. The power-supply through electrodes, the grounding through electrodes, and the signal-routing through electrodes differ mutually in cross-sectional area. Hence, a semiconductor device and a chip-stack semiconductor device are provided which are capable of preventing the electrodes' resistance from developing excessive voltage drop, heat, delay, and loss, and also from varying from one electrode to the other.

A systematic method for calculating future cost is disclosed. Pre-routing is performed from a source node to other nodes through a series of neighboring nodes. At each node in the pre-routing, the cumulative routing cost and Manhattan distance are calculated. This cumulative routing cost is used as a new future cost for a specific distance if it is lower than or there is no existing future cost for that distance. A table can be used to store the future cost data. During routing, the recorded future cost is added to the cumulative cost of a node to help guide the routing, improving router run-time.

An optical signaling header technique applicable to optical networks wherein packet routing information is embedded in the same channel or wavelength as the data payload so that both the header and data payload propagate through network elements with the same path and the associated delays. The header routing information has sufficiently different characteristics from the data payload so that the signaling header can be detected without being affected by the data payload, and that the signaling header can also be removed without affecting the data payload. The signal routing technique can overlaid onto the conventional network elements in a modular manner using two types of applique modules. The first type effects header encoding and decoding at the entry and exit points of the data payload into and out of the network; the second type effects header detection at each of the network elements.

A circuitized substrate including a plurality of conductive and dielectric layers and also a plurality of conductive thru-holes therein for passing high speed signals, e.g., from one component to another mounted on the substrate. The substrate utilizes a signal routing pattern which uses the maximum length of each of the thru-holes wherever possible to thereby substantially eliminate signal loss (noise) due to thru-hole “stub” resonance. A multilayered circuitized substrate assembly using more than one circuitized substrate, an electrical assembly using a circuitized substrate and one or more electrical components, a method of making the circuitized substrate and an information handling system incorporating one or more circuitized substrate assemblies and attached components are also provided.

Wearable electronic devices that employ techniques for routing signals between components are described. An exemplary wearable electronic device includes a set of pod structures with each pod structure positioned adjacent and physically coupled to at least one other pod structure. The set of pod structures includes multiple sensor pods and at least one processor pod. Each sensor pod includes an on-board sensor to in use detect user-effected inputs and provide signals in response to the user-effected inputs. The signals are serially routed via successive ones of adjacent pod structures by respective communicative pathways until the signals are routed from the sensor pods to the processor pod. A processor on-board the processor pod processes the signals. Systems, articles, and methods for routing electrical signals and / or optical signals, including analog signals and / or digital signals, between pod structures are described.

A distributed antenna system comprises a base transceiver station, a plurality of distributed antenna units and a signal routing apparatus. The base transceiver station has a plurality of output ports that generate a plurality of downlink signals having overlapping transmit frequencies and containing different communication content. The different communication content is directed toward each of a plurality of mobile units. The base transceiver station also has at least one uplink receive port that receives an uplink signal. The uplink signal includes communication content received from at least one of the mobile units. The plurality of distributed antenna units have coverage areas that are non-overlapping or only partially overlapping. The signal routing apparatus routes the downlink signals to the plurality of distributed antennas such that each of the plurality of downlink signals are transmitted by one or more of the distributed antennas and each distributed antenna only transmits one of the downlink signals.

An aircraft seat assembly including at least one electronic component usable by a passenger and a single integrated electronic system which provides signal decoding, signal routing, data management, built in test, and power conversion for each user accessible electronic component which is installed in the seat assembly. The electronic components generally include at least a video display unit, an audio system, or a telephone. The integrated electronics system provides power conversion, signal routing, data management and other electronic requirements for each of the electronic components. The integrated electronics system not only integrates power conversion and signal management responsibilities into one system, but into such a system that is readily integrated into the seat assembly.

A multi-channel network monitoring apparatus has input connectors for network signals to be monitored and four channel processors in a rack-mountable chassis / enclosure for receiving and processing a respective pair of incoming signals to produce monitoring results. Each processor operates independently of the others and is replaceable without interrupting their operation. LAN connectors enable onward communication of the monitoring results. A cross-point switch routes each incoming signal to a selected processor and can re-route a channel to another processor in the event of processor outage. Each processor has a self-contained sub-system of processing modules interconnected via a CPU-peripheral interface in a backplane, which provides a separate peripheral interface for each processor. The backplane provides locations for processors to lie horizontally across a major portion of the backplane area facing the front of the enclosure, and a location for an interface module over a minor portion of that area facing the rear, so as to provide external connectors at the rear of the enclosure. A power supply module is positioned over another portion of the backplane area, on the same side as the interface module. The location of the power supply module behind the backplane saves height and / or width in the rack.

Signals are routed to and from identical stacked integrated circuit dies by selectively coupling first and second bonding pads on each of the dies to respective circuits fabricated on the dies through respective transistors. The transistors connected to the first bonding pads of an upper die are made conductive while the transistors connected to the second bonding pads of the upper die are made non-conductive. The transistors connected to the second bonding pads of a lower die are made conductive while the transistors connected to the first bonding pads of the lower die are made non-conductive. The second bonding pads of the upper die are connected to the second bonding pads of the lower die through wafer interconnects extending through the upper die. Signals are routed to and from the circuits on the first and second dies through the first and second bonding pads, respectively.

A frequency agile cable modem termination system which is configured to receive cable TV or other broadband signals on a frequency allocated basis. Cable TV headend may receive cable TV modem or other signals via optical / electrical converters and other links, and route those signals through a frequency multiplexer to divide individual feeds into separated frequency slots. The cable modem termination system may then have receivers tuned to individual slots allocated to data feeds, such as Internet, video, telephony or other sources, and route those sources over the Internet. Upon a failure condition within any given receiver or other component, a backup cable modem termination system, connected to the same common bus as the main or active system, may be rapidly activated by having backup receivers contained in that unit tuned to appropriate frequencies to pick up the signals within the corresponding band. Reliability and robustness is increased, and cabling requirements are decreased.

An audiovisual signal is converted from a native format to a digital, packetized interchange format and transported between a capture node and a display node through a switch. The display node converts the audiovisual signal from the interchange format to a displayable format and causes display of the audiovisual signal. The use of a switch for video routing and distribution allows one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many distribution. The use of a device-independent interchange format allows concurrent distribution of multiple heterogeneous audiovisual signals.