The invention relates to a composite induced polarization instrument for the advanced geological prediction of a tunnel or gallery. The composite induced polarization instrument structurally comprises a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter comprises a transmission singlechip system, a double-exciting current module, a multi-frequency signal waveform synthesis module, a power drive module, a double-frequency bridge inverter, a constant current inversion oscillator, an overvoltage overcurrent protection module and the like. The receiver comprises a receiving singlechip system, an input protection module, a ground compensation module, a power frequency signal suppression and noise processing module, a differential input amplification module, an industrial personal computer and the like, wherein the industrial personal computer finishes operating a hardware circuit and processing time-domain and frequency-domain signals. The composite induced polarization instrument can finish measuring parameters such as apparent resistivity, ground resistance, apparent polarizability, half-life, excitation ratio, apparent frequency dispersibility and the like, realizes multifunction saves instrument cost, effectively weakens field working strength, and can realize rock integrity detection and particularly solve the problems of three-dimensional water body positioning and water volume prediction.