The invention discloses a database multi-connection query optimization method based on an evolutionary algorithm. According to the method, first, a data preprocessing technology and a bidirectional semi-connection technology are introduced into an SDD-1 algorithm, projection and other unary operation are adopted to simplify data, meanwhile, data of all nodes is ordered by merging, and row data and column data can be reduced at the same time through the bidirectional semi-connection technology; second, all beneficial bidirectional semi-connections are calculated and added into a set BS, a parallel genetic algorithm is adopted to solve a connection query strategy of the SDD-1 algorithm, a group initialization method, a fitness function and a relevant genetic operator suitable for the problem are constructed, and a protocol optimal query path for solving the problem is obtained; and last, the query path is used to initialize a pheromone matrix of an ant colony algorithm, a multi-ant-colony optimization method is utilized to solve an optimal query path again, and the problem that the parallel genetic algorithm has a weak local search ability is solved.