The invention provides a high-precision three-dimensional reconstruction method and system based on binary surface structured light. The method comprises the steps of calibrating a CCD high-definitioncamera and a projector, projecting directional light source emitted by an LED lamp onto a scene where a target object is located, acquiring an image through the CCD high-definition camera, matching acontour approximate to the target object through a self-adaptive identification module, carrying out structured light information coding according to the result recognized by the self-adaptive identification module, projecting the structured light to the approximate position where the plane of the target contour is located by the projector, the CCD high-definition camera acquiring a modulated image projected on a target object, combining the structural light characteristic points with the gradient information obtained by the LED light contour to obtain a final three-dimensional image. The three-dimensional reconstruction system has the beneficial effects that the adaptability of the three-dimensional reconstruction system to environmental changes can be improved, the reconstruction precision and accuracy of the target object are effectively improved, and the problem that the operation cost is increased due to the multi-objective environment is solved.