316 results about "External cavity laser" patented technology

An external cavity laser has a mirror-based resonant tunable filter, such as a Fabry Perot tunable filter or Gires-Tournois interferometer tuning element, with the tunable filter being preferably used as a laser cavity mirror. A mirror-based resonant tunable filter is selected in which the spectral response in reflection has an angular dependence. A tilt scheme is used whereby by selecting an appropriate angle between the filter's nominal optical axis and the cavity optical axis, a narrowband peak spectral reflection is provided to the laser cavity. This tunable narrowband spectral reflection from the filter is used to lock and tune the laser output wavelength.

External Cavity Laser An external cavity laser comprising first and second feedback means with an optical gain medium (2) therebetween, one of the feedback means is provided by a grating (4) formed in a silicon waveguide and the other feedback means is provided by a reflective back facet (2B) of the optical gain medium (2). The output wavelength of the laser, at a given temperature, can thus be determined during its manufacture and the laser can be made by mass production techniques. The grating (4) may be thermally isolated to obviate the need for temperature control means (6) to control the temperature of the grating (4). An array of lasers may be provided on a single chip.

The present invention provides a continuously tunable external cavity laser (ECL) with a compact form factor and precise tuning to a selected center wavelength of a selected wavelength grid. The ECL may thus be utilized in telecom applications to generate the center wavelengths for any channel on the ITU or other optical grid. The ECL does not require a closed loop feedback. A novel tuning mechanism is disclosed which provides for electrical or mechanical tuning to a known position or electrical parameter, e.g., voltage, current or capacitance, with the required precision in the selected center wavelength arising as a result of a novel arrangement of a grid generator and a channel selector. The grid generator exhibits first pass bands which correspond to the spacing between individual channels of the selected wavelength grid and a finesse which suppresses side band modes of the laser. The channel selector exhibits second pass bands that are wider than the first pass bands. In an embodiment of the invention the second pass bands have a periodicity substantially corresponding with the separation between the shortest wavelength channel and the longest wavelength channel of the selected wavelength grid and a finesse which suppresses channels adjacent to the selected channel. The broad second pass bands of the channel selector reduce the sensitivity of the ECL to tuning variations about the selected channel, thus avoiding the requirement of a closed loop feedback system to control the channel selector.

The present invention provides a continuously-tunable external cavity laser (ECL) with a compact form factor and precise tuning. A novel interference filter which may be used to tune the ECL provides an absence of mode-hopping and reduced feedback from both spurious interference and reflections in the external cavity. A novel tuning mechanism is disclosed which provides for mechanical FM tuning of a wide range ECL tuning elements such as: an interference filter, a diffraction element, and a retroreflector. A novel feedback circuit is disclosed which provides closed loop feedback for selecting output wavelength in a laser.

An optical transmitter providing the benefits of both filter-locked and wavelength-locked lasers is disclosed by modifying an external cavity (32) for the integration of an optical modulator (14). The external cavity (32) provides a round-trip path for light travel. A substrate (24) is connected to the external cavity (32) where at least one gain element (16) and the optical modulator (14) are integral with the substrate (24). A partial reflector (40) is also integral with the substrate (24) and couples the at least one gain element (16) with the optical modulator (14).

Apparatus and methods that utilize tunable elements to provide for selective wavelength tuning of a light beam. The apparatus comprises a first tunable wavelength selection element having a first adjustable free spectral range, a second tunable wavelength selection element having a second adjustable free spectral range, with the first and second tunable wavelength selection elements configured to define a tunable joint transmission peak. The first and second tunable wavelength selection elements respectively define first and second pluralities of tunable transmission peaks, wherein respective ones of each of the first and second plurality of transmission peaks are aligned to obtain a joint transmission peak that may be adjusted by tuning the wavelength selection elements. The free spectral ranges of the wavelength selection elements are configured to enable a Vernier tuning effect.

An external cavity laser has a mirror-based resonant tunable filter, such as a Fabry Perot tunable filter or Gires-Tournois interferometer tuning element, with the tunable filter being preferably used as a laser cavity mirror. A mirror-based resonant tunable filter is selected in which the spectral response in reflection has an angular dependence. A tilt scheme is used whereby by selecting an appropriate angle between the filter's nominal optical axis and the cavity optical axis, a narrowband peak spectral reflection is provided to the laser cavity. This tunable narrowband spectral reflection from the filter is used to lock and tune the laser output wavelength.

The invention pertains to wavelength-agile optical filters suitable for wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) optical communications networks. More particularly, the invention pertains to optical filters with a wavelength reference that can be remotely switched to arbitrarily selectable channels on a standard grid, and to re-configurable optical communications networks employing same. The present invention provides a communication apparatus with a tunable filter which may be used in a wide range of applications including tuning an external cavity laser (ECL), selecting a wavelength for an add / drop multiplexer and providing channel selection and feedback for a wavelength locker. The filter may be utilized as a discrete component or in combination with circulators, wavelength lockers and gain medium. The filter may be implemented in whole or in part as part of a gain medium. The tunable filter exhibits a compact form factor and precise tuning to any selected wavelength of a predetermined set of wavelengths comprising a wavelength grid. The tunable filter may thus be utilized in telecom applications to generate the center wavelengths for any channel on the ITU or other optical grid.

An optical phase lock loop (OPLL) system is disclosed that includes a master external cavity laser (ECL), and a substantially identical slave ECL. The master and slave ECLs are fabricated using a planar semiconductor device with waveguide-integrated planar Bragg gratings (PBG). Both the master and slave ECLs have a narrow linewidth and a low frequency-noise. Each of the ECLs has their own controller-modulator circuits for thermal tuning or electrical tuning via direct modulation. A laser-select-logic (LSL) module receives and processes a filtered phase error signal from a loop filter coupled to an electronic PLL device, and directs the processed phase error signal to one or both of the master and slave controller-modulators according to a logical determination of a required mode of operation of the OPLL system in order to achieve a stable and identical phase performance of the master and the slave ECLs. The required mode of operation is chosen from a locking mode, a prediction mode, a tracking mode, and a searching mode.

Provided is a WDM-PON system based on a wavelength-tunable ECL. A method of controlling an upstream optical wavelength of an ONT in WDM-PON system, the method comprises: determining upstream optical wavelength information of the ONT corresponding to a downstream optical wavelength predetermined to the ONT newly installed by being connected to a network; in an OLT, loading the determined upstream optical wavelength information onto the downstream optical wavelength assigned to the ONT and transmitting the loaded upstream optical wavelength information to the ONT; in the ONT, generating an upstream optical wavelength based on the upstream optical wavelength information transmitted by being loaded on the downstream optical wavelength from the OLT; and in the ONT, loading upstream data onto the generated upstream optical wavelength and transmitting the loaded upstream data to the OLT.

The present invention relates to an analog transmitter using an external cavity laser (ECL) in which specific characteristics of the ECL are enhanced and exploited to improve 2nd and 3rd order distortion while increasing the threshold for the occurrence of deleterious stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The performance of the ECL shows a substantial reduction in distortion occurring over certain narrow ranges of operating temperatures. Optical, electronic, thermal and / or mechanical methods are described that cause this “distortion dip” to be moved to, or created at, stable regions of ECL operation, away from mode hops. Methods are also described that allow the distortion dip to be moved to, or created at, ECL operating regions in which sufficiently high chirp occurs, thereby reducing SBS. Transmitters and other devices employing these and related techniques are also described.

In the manufacture and application of a PLC-ECL type wavelength tunable light source, provided is a wavelength tunable mechanism with improved performance and stability, a light source with improved packaging performance and mass productivity, and a light source applied to a WDM-PON with initialization and stabilization functions. The wavelength tunable light source having a PLC (planar lightwave circuit)-ECL (external cavity laser) structure includes a first housing in which a semiconductor optical gain medium is mounted, a second housing in which a PLC device is mounted, and a third housing in which an optical fiber is mounted. The first, second, and third housings make an optical axis alignment through an optical coupling lens and combined in a laser welding method.

A method (and system) of coherently combining a plurality of diodes in an external cavity laser diode system includes adjusting the phase of the plurality of diodes to correct phase errors, wherein the adjusting the phase includes intercavity phase adjustment. The laser diode external cavity system includes an adjuster for intercavity phase adjustment.

Systems and methods are disclosed for distributed temperature and strain sensing along a length of an infrastructure. Two optical sources, such as, external cavity lasers with a narrow linewidth, are used for launching a probe signal into a sensing fiber coupled to the infrastructure, and for producing a local oscillation signal, respectively. The optical sources are coherently locked with a predefined frequency offset with respect to each other, the predefined frequency offset being in the order of the Brillouin frequency shift. The optical sources are included in an optical phase lock loop (OPLL) system. A balanced heterodyne receiver for narrow band detection at radio frequency (RF) bandwidth receives an optical signal generated by coherent mixing of a backscattered probe signal with the Brillouin frequency shift and the local oscillation signal, and produces an output indicative of one or both of a measured temperature and a measured strain.

An external cavity laser array system may be used in a WDM optical system, such as a WDM-PON, for transmitting optical signals at multiple channel wavelengths. The system generally includes a plurality of laser emitters (e.g., gain chips) optically coupled to and separated from respective exit reflectors (e.g., tunable narrow-band reflectors), thereby forming an array of external cavity lasers with extended lasing cavities. The exit reflectors may be distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) located in the waveguides in an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). The laser emitters emit a range of wavelengths including multiple channel wavelengths and the DBRs reflect a subset of channel wavelengths including at least a channel wavelength associated with the laser emitter such that lasing occurs at the subset of channel wavelengths. The AWG then filters the emitted laser light at the associated channel wavelengths.

The present invention relates to the analog external cavity lasers (ECLs) including designs, materials, methods of manufacturing and methods of use for such ECLs and packages for such ECLS. Numerous criteria are presented that lead to improved cost / performance for ECLs and for systems incorporating such ECLs.

An external cavity laser may be swept rapidly in frequency and cavity length to prevent formation of modes providing improved spectral response and light characteristics.

Hybrid-type external cavity lasers designed to have a semiconductor laser diode mounted on a planar waveguide platform by a flip-chip bonding method. The temperature independent external cavity laser comprises a semiconductor laser diode, a planar waveguide platform, and a thin film multi-layered reflection filter. The semiconductor laser diode includes an active region to generate light, and at least one light-emitting surface. The planar waveguide platform includes a substrate, a metallic pattern formed on a predetermined region of the substrate, a waveguide structure, and a trench portion. The waveguide structure comprises a lower clad layer, a core, and an upper clad layer sequentially stacked in this order on a region of the substrate excluding the predetermined region formed of the metallic pattern. The trench portion has opposite side surfaces on which the core is exposed.

A partially reflecting optical component (11) generating, from an incident beam (12), two secondary beams, one of them being reflected (13), the other one being transmitted (14). According to the invention, it comprises a first wholly reflecting planar face (15) and a second partially reflecting planar face (16), the second face being perpendicular to the first one, a third wholly reflecting planar face (17), the first and third faces being in the same plane, this component providing the unidimensional auto-alignment of the reflected beam (13) with the incident beam (12), the respectively transmitted and reflected beams being each formed with two half-beams having matching wave fronts. The invention also relates to an external cavity laser source comprising such a component as a unidimensional auto-aligned reflector.

An external cavity laser apparatus and method wherein wavelength or channel selection is carried independently from adjustment of external cavity optical path length. The apparatus comprises a wavelength or channel selector tuner and an external cavity tuner, wherein the wavelength tuner is uncoupled from the external cavity tuner. The tuning mechanisms for wavelength selection and cavity optical path length are configured to operate independently or orthogonally with respect to each other. The wavelength tuner may operate according to a first, channel selection signal, while the external cavity tuner operates according to a second, external cavity adjustment signal. The wavelength tuner and external cavity tuner may operate under the control of the same, or of separate controllers. The channel selection signal may be derived from a look-up table of adjustment parameter data accessed by a controller, and the external cavity adjustment signal may be derived from an error signal from a detector configured to measure external cavity loss.

The present invention relates to an external-cavity tuneable laser including a gain medium (2) and a tuneable mirror (8), wherein at least the tuneable mirror is in thermal contact, with a thermally conductive platform (10). The tuneable mirror lays substantially horizontally on the thermally conductive platform significantly thereby improving the thermal contact of the tuneable mirror with the platform. The laser beam from the gain medium is directed onto the tuneable mirror, which is mounted substantially horizontally with respect to the thermally conductive platform, by means of a deflector (6) that deflects the beam or a large part of it towards one of the principal surfaces of the tuneable mirror. The resulting laser cavity is therefore a folded cavity. The thermally conductive platform is preferably thermally coupled to a TEC (11) that provides thermal control for the platform. In a preferred embodiment, the deflector is a beam splitter that deflects part of the incoming light and transmits the remaining part. A beam splitter as deflector a more compact laser assembly can be envisaged. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the portion of light transmitted through the beam splitter forms the output laser beam. In other words, the external-cavity laser outputs a laser beam on the side of the wavelength selective elements (the tuneable mirror and, if any, the channel grid), i.e., on the side of the front facet of the laser diode. With this laser design, a collimating lens to collimate the output laser beam is not necessary.

The invention relates to an external cavity laser with tunable wavelength, comprising a semiconductor light amplifier chip and a laser external cavity. The laser external cavity comprises a grid filter, a phase regulator and a silicon-based micro ring chip, wherein the grid filter and the silicon-based micro ring chip constitute a wavelength tunable optical filter, which realizes the wavelength tuning of the consisted optical filter through spectral line tuning of the grid filter and / or the silicon-based micro ring chip. The micro ring filter in the silicon-based micro ring chip of the tunable external cavity adopts the mature silicon photonic technology, which greatly reduces the manufacture difficulties of the tunable filter, reduces the manufacture cost of the member, utilizes the current external cavity laser technology platform to perform smooth transition, improves the integration degree of the member of this kind, and simplifies the preparation technology.

Provided is an external cavity laser light source. The light source includes a substrate, an optical waveguide, and a current blocking layer. The optical waveguide includes a passive waveguide layer, a lower clad layer, an active layer, and an upper clad layer that are sequentially stacked on the substrate and is divided into regions including a linear active waveguide region, a bent active waveguide region, a tapered waveguide region, and a window region. The current blocking layer was formed an outside of the active layer to reduce leakage current. The linear and bent active waveguide regions have a buried heterostructure (BH), and the tapered waveguide region and the window region have a buried ridge stripe (BRS) structure. The passive waveguide layer a width substantially equal to a maximal width of the tapered waveguide region at least in the bent active waveguide region, the tapered waveguide region, and the window region.

The invention relates to a high-power dual-port output silicon-based tunable external cavity laser. A hybrid integration scheme is adopted, a low-cost low-loss silicon-based microring waveguide chip is used as an external cavity medium wavelength adjustment unit, end surface coupling with an III-V group reflective semiconductor gain tube core is realized through two collimating lenses, the structure is simple, the complex process limitations of a monolithic integrated semiconductor laser are overcome, no moving part exists in the external cavity, and the reliability and the stability can be effectively improved. Through optimal design of the silicon-based microring waveguide chip structure, the nonlinear optical effect generation probability of laser in a silicon-based waveguide microring resonator is greatly reduced, and the maximum optical power which is allowed to be outputted by the laser of the structure is improved. Due to addition of a band pass filter in the external cavity collimating light path, technical requirements on the silicon-based microring waveguide chip can be effectively reduced, the coupling packaging efficiency can be improved, and low-cost batch production is facilitated.

An external cavity laser comprises a light source unit, preferably comprising a semiconductor light source having internal optical gain and a collimating lens, for supplying substantially collimated light to a retroreflector via an angle-tuned filter extending across an optical axis of the light source. The retroreflector is positioned so as to receive light from the light source via the angle-tuned filter and reflect the light via the angle-tuned filter back to the light source. The retroreflector may comprise a quarter pitch graded-index (GRIN) lens having a proximal end surface oriented towards the light source and a distal end surface opposite thereto, with a mirror provided on the distal end surface, preferably as a high-reflectance coating. The angle-tuned filter may be attached to the proximal end surface of the GRIN lens, preferably as a coating. The GRIN lens may be tilted in order to vary the angle of the filter relative to the optical axis and hence the wavelength. Where the external cavity laser is to be wavelength-adjustable in use, the external cavity laser may further comprise a tuning mechanism for tilting the angle-tuned filter. Alternatively, the tilt angle of the angle-tuned filter may be adjusted and then fixed during manufacture using a separate tilting mechanism which is not a part of the external cavity laser itself.

An external-cavity laser module includes a package defining an enclosure, the package including a base having a surface internal to the enclosure, a thermoelectric cooler within the enclosure, the thermoelectric cooler including an upper carrier plate and a lower carrier plate, the lower carrier plate being placed on the internal surface of the base and the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) being configured to stabilise the temperature of the upper carrier plate at a substantially constant temperature. The laser module further includes a laser assembly housed within the enclosure, including a gain medium for emitting an optical beam into the external cavity and an end mirror. Variations of the environmental temperature with respect to the thermally stabilised temperature cause mechanical deformations of the TEC upper carrier plate that is in thermal coupling with the laser assembly. The mechanical deformations in turn induce variations in the optical path length of the laser cavity. Thermal bridge of the gain medium to the environmental temperature is achieved by the use of a thermal bridge element for conducting heat either from or to the gain medium.

Apparatus for monitoring a plurality of tissue viability parameters of a substantially identical tissue element, in which a single illumination laser source provides illumination radiation at a wavelength such as to enable monitoring of blood flow rate and NADH or flavoprotein concentration, together with blood volume and also blood oxygenation state. In preferred embodiments, an external cavity laser diode system is used to ensure that the laser operates in single mode or at else in two or three non-competing modes, each mode comprising a relatively narrow bandwidth. A laser stabilisation control system is provided to ensure long term operation of the laser source at the desired conditions.