837 results about "Energetic material" patented technology

An apparatus for producing hydrogen may include a collector of radiation to concentrate solar radiation on a converter having an absorptivity to convert the solar radiation to thermal energy to drive a chemical process using a feedstock to dissociate into an output chemical and a byproduct. A separator separates the output and byproduct, after which a reactor reacts the output to form a storage chemical, reactive to produce energy but sufficiently stable for safe handling outside designation as an energetic material. The separator may have a porosity to substantially pass hydrogen and block oxygen and water. A sweep gas may sweep hydrogen away from the separation barrier to change equilibrium. Catalysts may reduce temperature of dissociation and a subsequent reaction to combine it in a more stable, storable form.

A convertible downhole device comprises at least one sacrificial material to provide two or more configurations so that two or more different operations or functions are performable by the downhole device, one in which the sacrificial material is fully intact and another in which the sacrificial material is at least partially removed or disappeared. The sacrificial material may be removable through any suitable method or device, such as by contacting with a fluid, by temperature, by pressure, or by combustion, ignition, or activation of a fusible or energetic material, or crushing or breaking up of a frangible material. Upon removal of the sacrificial material, the downhole device has at least one additional configuration so that at least a second operation can be performed by the downhole device.

A chemical reaction between molten aluminum and an oxygen carrier such as water to do useful work is disclosed, and in particular two chemical methods to obtain aluminum in its molten state. One is to detonate a HE/Al mixture with surplus Al in stoichiometry, and the other is to use an oxidizer/Al mixture with surplus Al in stoichiometry. Additionally, there is a physical method of shocking and heating Al using high temperature reaction products. The produced Al in its liquid form is forced to react with an oxygen carrying liquid (e.g. water), giving off heat and releasing hydrogen gas or other gaseous material. A water solution of some oxygen-rich chemicals (e.g. ammonium nitrate) can be advantageously used in place of water. A shaped charge is also disclosed having a liner that contains aluminum, propelled by a high explosive such as RDX or its mixture with aluminum powder. Some aluminum in its molten state is projected into the perforation and forced to react with water that also enters the perforation, creating another explosion, fracturing the crushed zone of the perforation and initializing cracks. Another shaped charge is shown having a liner of energetic material such as a mixture of aluminum powder and a metal oxide. Upon detonation, the collapsed liner carries kinetic and thermal energy. Also shown are methods to build and to detonate or fire explosive devices in an oxygen carrying liquid (e.g. water) to perforate and stimulate a hydrocarbon-bearing formation.

The present invention comprises apparatus and methods employing a gas produced from a tetrazine-based energetic material such as that known as “BTATz” containing 3;6-BtS(1H-1,2,3,4-Tetrazol-5-ylamino)1-,2,4,5-tetrazine 3;6-BtS(1H-1,2,3,4-Tetrazol-5-ylamino)1-,2,4,5-tetrazine or salts thereof. The tetrazinebased energetic material is ignited through the use of a percussion cap, a piezoelectric crystal or a battery-supplied electric spark or by encapsulating it in a container that is then exposed to a burning flame. The gas produced upon ignition is employed a propellant such as to inflate life rafts, life vests, emergency evacuation slides, tires, air bags and other inflatable devices. The gas produced upon ignition is alternatively employed to power an engine and many other applications such as a fire suppressant.

A device and method that employs a detonation event as an energy source for producing a pyrotechnic output. The device includes an initiation charge that is selectively detonated by an exploding foil initiator. Byproducts from the detonation event are attenuated by a barrier that is disposed between the initiation charge and an ignition charge. The barrier participates in a chemical reaction with the detonation byproducts to oxidize and burn. In this regard, the barrier serves as a fuel that is employed to ignite the ignition charge. The device includes a sealed housing in which the initiator, initiation charge and ignition charges are housed. The housing ruptures in response to the heat and pressure generated by the ignited ignition charge to release the pyrotechnic output.

Energetic materials, such as nitrocellulose, TNT, RDX, and combinations thereof, optionally in combination with chemical warfare agents, such as mustard gas, Lewisite, Tabun, Sarin, Toman, VX, and combinations thereof, are destroyed when chemically reacted according to the method of the invention. The method comprises reacting the energetic materials and chemical warfare agents, of present, with solvated electrons which are preferably produced by dissolving an active metal such as sodium in a nitrogenous base such as anhydrous liquid ammonia.

A perforating system, including a shaped charge assembly comprising a charge case, a liner, and a main body of explosive. The material of the perforating system components, including the gun body, the charge case and the liner may be comprised of an energetic material that conflagrates upon detonation of the shaped charge. The material may be an oxidizer, tungsten, cement particles, rubber compounds, compound fibers, KEVLAR®, steel, steel alloys, zinc, and combinations thereof.

Mixtures of high explosives with materials that readily absorb microwaves ignite more readily when exposed to microwave energy than the corresponding neat explosives. A charge of HMX (0.5 gram) mixed with carbon nanotubes (1 percent by mass) ignited with 7.5 joules at an average rate of 750 W for 10 milliseconds. To raise a charge of the same mass of neat HMX to an autoignition temperature of 200 degrees Celsius would require much more energy (about 110 joules) for a longer duration (about 150 milliseconds).

An ionic liquid is disclosed A precursor composition that comprises at least one ionic liquid and at least one energetic material is also disclosed, as is a method of synthesizing an ionic liquid and a method of desensitizing an explosive composition.

The invention relates to a polydopamine interface regulation-based nitramine explosive modified aluminum powder and a preparation method thereof. Micron-sized crystals containing an aluminum powder and a nitramine explosive are prepared by an anti-solvent process, uniform distribution and close contact of the aluminum powder and the nitramine explosive are achieved, and the crystals have the advantages of compact structure, high thermal stability and high density. The adoption of the polydopamine interface regulation-based nitramine explosive modified aluminum powder in an aluminum-containingexplosive reduces the content of an adhesive and additives in a formula, increases the mass fraction of the main explosive, and achieves the purpose of developing high-energy explosives. In addition,a part of the energetic material adopted to replace RDX, HMX, CL-20 and other nitramine explosives in traditional solid propellants improves the energy level of the propellants, improves the problem of too large viscosity of a propellant slurry, caused by the addition of nano-aluminum powder or high-aluminum powder, and optimizes the preparation technology of the propellants.

The invention provides a method driving an energetic material to release energy and produce shock waves by high-voltage pulse discharge plasmas underground. A cylinder (an energetic electrode for short), clamped between a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode of a device and made by a central metal wire and a composite energetic material, is triggered by plasmas produced by high-power pulse discharge to rapidly react. Within 50 microseconds, energy is instantly released, and a large quantity of gas is produced. High-energy shock waves are produced, the high-energy shock waves act on the stratum with oscillation caused by air bubble compression and expansion, and in this way, the purposes of relieving blockage, removing scale, forming cracks, improving seepage conditions, improving permeability and communicating microchannels underground are achieved.

The present invention provides a rigid reactive cord such as a detonating cord (10) that includes a core (38) of an energetic material and a rigid non-metal sheath (40) disposed about the core. The cord (10) is sufficiently rigid so that it can be inserted through a material to be fractured or through passages formed therein. A method of using the rigid reactive cord for the removal of combustion residue from boiler tubes is also presented.

The invention relates to a preparation method of an Al/W/PTFE energetic material and belongs to the field of energetic materials. The preparation method orderly comprises raw material powder preparation, surface modification, mixed powder drying, compression molding and sintering molding. The preparation method utilizes conventional Al, W and PTFE powder as raw materials which are easily purchased and have a low cost. The preparation method has simple processes and a low cost and is suitable for batch production. Compared with the traditional Al/PTFE energetic material (Al: 26.4wt% and PTFE: 73.6wt%), the Al/W/PTFE energetic material obtained by the preparation method has higher compressive strength, density and reaction threshold. When a mass fraction of W of the energetic material is 60%, compared with the traditional Al/PTFE energetic material, the Al/W/PTFE energetic material improves density by 88%, dynamic strength limit by 21% and a reaction threshold by 24%.

The invention discloses energetic ion salts of 1-nitramine-2, 4-dimetridazloe and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of energetic materials. The synthetic method is as follows: dissolving the 1-nitramine-2, 4-dimetridazloe in deionized water to obtain a pale yellow clear liquid, adding with stirring 0.5 time molar equivalent of potassium carbonate at room temperature for in-situ generation of 1-nitramine-2, 4-dimetridazloe potassium salt, then adding one time molar equivalent of ammonium chloride, hydrazine hydrochloride, guanidine hydrochloride, monoaminoguanidine hydrochloride, diaminoguanidine hydrochloride, triaminoguanidine hydrochloride and 3, 4, 5-triamino-1, 2, 4-triazole hydrochloride, stirring to precipitate a pale yellow solid precipitate, after about 1 hour of reaction, filtering the pale yellow precipitate, further recrystallizing a coarse product by use of an acetone and diethyl ether mixed solvent to obtain a pure product. The synthetic method of the invention is simple, mild in condition and high in yield, and is environmental friendly due to using of the deionized water as a solvent. The density of involved seven salts is 1.70-1.93g cm<-3>, the detonation velocity calculated by EXPLO software is between 8370 and 9209 m s<-1>, the detonation pressure is between 29.3 and 40.5 GPa, the actually measured impact sensitivity is 4-40J, the detonation performance is excellent, and the energetic ion salts are potential energetic materials.