The invention discloses a bone marrow smear transporting and placing device which comprises a base, a supporting fence, a test tube storage box, a fixing plate, a storage cover, a supporting plate, a lifting upper cover, a cooling fan, a refrigeration sheet, a barrier strip, a ventilation fence, a ventilation fan, a smear storage fixing assembly and an elastic fastening assembly, wherein the base is rectangular, the supporting fence is arranged at the upper portion of the base, and through holes are formed in the two sides of the supporting fence. The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to the bone marrow smear transporting and placing device which is small in size, simple in structure, convenient to use, capable of storing bone marrow smears in a classified mode, capable of drying the bone marrow smears before storage, capable of improving the cushioning effect and reducing vibration during storage, capable of limiting the smear storage fixing assembly and preventing shaking capable of storing the bone marrow smears in a cold storage manner, fixedly mounted during transportation to improve the stability in the transporting process and capable of storing test tubes.