The invention provides an automatic storing and extracting system capable of achieving high-density storage of articles. The automatic storing and extracting system comprises a frame, storing drawers, laneway trolleys, transport baskets, storing and extracting windows and transfer platforms. The frame is provided with a great number of drawer positions for holding the storing drawers, each laneway trolley is provided with an extracting device and transport basket positions, and the storing drawers are taken out of the frame or returned to the frame through the extracting devices. The transport baskets are movably arranged at the transport basket positions, a first clamping mechanism is arranged on each laneway trolley, and the first clamping mechanisms are used for completing exchange between the articles in the storing drawers on the extracting devices and the articles in the transport baskets at the transport basket positions. Each transfer platform is provided with a second clamping mechanism, and the second clamping mechanisms are used for completing article exchange between the transport baskets and the storing and extracting windows. Compared with the prior art, the automatic storing and extracting system has the advantages that the storage amount of the articles is increased, the laneway quantity is decreased, power mechanisms in the system are reduced, spatial span of middle transport mechanisms is decreased and system efficiency is improved.