The invention belongs to radiation detection technology, which relates to a data acquisition device based on radiation imaging and a data acquisition method based on radiation imaging thereof. Wherein, the devise comprises a detector device, a main control device and a general computer, the detector device comprises at least a detector used to convert X rays to current signals, at least a switch integral pre-amplification module used to carry out integral pre-amplification for the current signals, at least a difference-value filter module used to reduce the noise of switching charge, at least an A / D conversion module and at least a data cache module; the main control device connects with the detector device through an interface circuit, communicates with the general computer , and carries out data transmission through an Ethernet interface. The invention has the advantages of accurate measurement, low noise, high precision, large dynamic range, simple circuit, high integration level, strong expandability, good anti-interference capability, high data transfer rate, simple communication protocol, and convenient use.