The invention provides a throwing type liquid taking device based on an unmanned aerial vehicle platform. The throwing type liquid taking device comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle and a throwing type liquid taking device. The unmanned aerial vehicle comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle main frame and a grabbing device. The grabbing device comprises a telescopic rod, a mechanical claw and a rotating rod. The throwing type liquid taking device mainly comprises a floater, an outer frame, a liquid collecting bin, a buffering balance weight bin, a wire box and other auxiliary components. Comparedwith traditional manual sampling, the device has the advantages that the labor cost of single sampling is low, and the real-time performance of samples is high; compared with an unmanned aerial vehicle sampling device for long-time hovering extraction sampling, the device has the advantages that the requirements for the balance capacity, cruising power, loading capacity and other performance of an unmanned aerial vehicle are low, the structure is simple, the device manufacturing cost is low, and the representativeness of taken samples is high. Meanwhile, according to the throwing type structural design, only the liquid taking device needs to be thrown down, the liquid taking device is clamped at a throwing point at certain intervals, the process is simple, the requirement for the performance of the unmanned aerial vehicle is not high, and the practicability is high.