991results about How to "Reduce constraints" patented technology

A surgical ring (1) designed to be implanted around (a) biological organ(s), the ring (1) being formed by a flexible band (2) including a first and second extremity (3, 4), the flexible band (2) being designed to be closed near its two extremities (3, 4) by a closure system so as to form a closed loop featuring an internal contact surface (2A) external 10 surface (2B). The closure system includes a means of encircling (5) that is integral with the first extremity (3) and arranged to evolve between a de-latching configuration, where the means of encircling (5) forms an open collar freeing the second extremity (4), and a latching configuration where the means of encircling (5) forms a closed collar designed to surround the second extremity (4) so as to unite it with the first extremity (3), the closed collar having opposite front (6) and rear (7) faces, between which an encircling opening extends that is designed to accept the second extremity (4).

A radio link management system for a home or office substantially (i) an ad hoc network of agents wirelessly communicating among themselves, while (iii) clients wirelessly communicate with proximate agents. Control of the network may be centralized as network controller integrated with an agent, or may be distributed upon the network of agents. Some agent or agents, which may include an agent that is also the network controller, typically serves as a gateway device which connects to a worldwide communications network external to the home or office, normally by fiber or by wire.Each agent is most commonly a small radio transceiver plus logic and power supply that mounts upon a wall and plugs directly into an AC power socket. Agents wirelessly communicate among themselves and with the controller—which may be centralized or distributed—in a bandwidth-efficient mode since prime power is not an issue. Each client, which is most commonly a battery-powered user device, wirelessly radio communicates with one or more proximately-located agents. Consistent with overall demand for the radio resource, parameters for radio communication are allocated ad hoc in a manner which is (a) client-dependent, and which (b) uses the least power from the battery-powered client. The agents establish an ad-hoc network among themselves, with routing among and between the agents being both multi-hop and “minimum hop” to conserve bandwidth. Accordingly both power and bandwidth are conserved, each as and where required and desired.

The invention relates to a frequency spectrum sharing method for a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) system and an LTE (Long Term Evolution) system. The method is realized by following steps: a fixed channel of the LTE system of a cell is dodged when distributing GSM system frequency points of the cell and an adjacent cell capable of generating interference to the cell; frequency domain resources which are indicated by PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) of the LTE system and distributed to users, and GSM system frequency points of the cell and the adjacent cell capable of generating interference to the cell are not on a same frequency resource; and when the GSM system frequency points of the cell and the adjacent cell capable of generating interference to the cell are distributed for the PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel) and PHICH (Physical Hybrid Indicator Channel) of the LTE system, two channels on the LTE system are dodged, or the LTE system distributes proper CellID to dodge the GSM system frequency points of the cell and the adjacent cell capable of generating interference to the cell. The invention also provides a shared frequency spectrum system. By the method and the system of the invention, the frequency spectrum use efficiency can be improved, and simultaneously the GSM system can be transitioned to the LTE system in a smoothing manner.

A method for forming a single crystal semiconductor layer in which a first porous layer and a second porous layer are formed over a single crystal semiconductor ingot, a groove is formed in a part of the second porous layer and a single crystal semiconductor layer is formed over the second porous layer, the single crystal semiconductor ingot is attached onto a large insulating substrate, water jet is directed to the interface between the first porous layer and the second porous layer, and the single crystal semiconductor layer is attached to the large insulating substrate, or a method for forming a crystalline semiconductor layer in which a crystalline semiconductor ingot is irradiated with hydrogen ions to form a hydrogen ion irradiation region in the crystalline semiconductor ingot, the crystalline semiconductor ingot is rolled over the large insulating substrate while being heated, the crystalline semiconductor layer is separated from the hydrogen ion irradiation region, and the crystalline semiconductor layer is attached to the large insulating substrate.

A method and apparatus for the manipulation of colloidal particulates and biomolecules at the interface between an insulating electrode such as silicon oxide and an electrolyte solution. Light-controlled electrokinetic assembly of particles near surfaces relies on the combination of three functional elements: the AC electric field-induced assembly of planar aggregates; the patterning of the electrolyte / silicon oxide / silicon interface to exert spatial control over the assembly process; and the real-time control of the assembly process via external illumination. The present invention provides a set of fundamental operations enabling interactive control over the creation and placement of planar arrays of several types of particles and biomolecules and the manipulation of array shape and size. The present invention enables sample preparation and handling for diagnostic assays and biochemical analysis in an array format, and the functional integration of these operations. In addition, the present invention provides a procedure for the creation of material surfaces with desired properties and for the fabrication of surface-mounted optical components.

The present invention relates to systems and methods that employ a novel balanced duplexer that can be utilized to facilitate concurrent signal transmission and reception. The systems and methods can be employed within mobile devices such as cell phones and utilize two-filters (e.g., acoustic) with substantially similar input / output impedances interfaced with two couplers (e.g., 3 dB hybrid), which provide isolation and maintain the duplexer's input / output impedance. The couplers interface the filters to front / back ends such as signal processors, transmitters and receivers. The novel aspects of the present invention mitigate the need to employ external directional couplers between the duplexer and front / back ends. In addition, the two-filter topology enables employment of lower powered rated filters. The systems and methods further provide for separation and isolation of transmitters and receivers, which reduces noise coupling and enables the transmitter and receiver to be placed within close proximity.