The invention discloses a protective film rolling device with a conveniently detached and mounted drum. The protective film rolling device comprises a supporting frame body and a drum arranged in the supporting frame body. Grooves are formed in two side end surface of the drum, a left slide bar and a right slide bar are movably mounted in left and right grooves, separately, the left slide bar extends leftward out of the supporting frame body, enters into a door-shaped block and is slidably connected to the door-shaped block, the door-shaped block is fixed on the outer side surface of the supporting frame body, the left end of the left slide bar is rotatably connected to an operating rod, the right slide bar extends rightward out of the supporting frame body and is connected to a short connecting rod, the upper end of the short connecting rod is hinged to a supporting rod, the supporting rod is fixed on the top of the right side surface of the supporting frame body, and the lower ends of the operating rod and the short connecting rod are rotatably connected to two ends of a long connecting rod, separately; shock absorbing supporting legs are arranged at four corners of the bottom of the supporting frame body, and rollers are mounted on the shock absorbing supporting legs. According to the rolling device disclosed by the invention, the drum is conveniently detached and mounted, and the protective film rolling device is simple to operate and time- and labor-saving.