The invention discloses a robot visual system for mine rescue and a control method for the robot visual system. The system comprises a rescue robot and a corresponding visual and control system. The rescue robot is provided with an environment information collection unit for collecting an onsite image, a drive unit, a connection and assistance unit, and a control processing unit. The environment information collection unit comprises a camera and an LED light source. The drive unit comprises a DC motor, a steering motor, a drive wheel, and a crawler belt. The connection and assistance unit comprises a shaft sleeve, a power supply, a big U-shaped frame, a small U-shaped frame, a box cover, a controller box body, a rescue article box body, a rescue article, a cover opening buckle, and a box cover rotating shaft. The control processing unit comprises a controller. The visual and control system on the controller comprises an image collection module, an image processing module, a motor, anda steering engine drive module. The system can achieve the high-efficiency recognition of a mine tunnel scene autonomously, quickly and accurately, and can provide corresponding medical and material assistances.