388results about How to "Less variation" patented technology

The present invention provides a new method and an apparatus for spectral envelope encoding. The invention teaches how to perform and signal compactly a time/frequency mapping of the envelope representation, and further, encode the spectral envelope data efficiently using adaptive time/frequency directional coding. The method is applicable to both natural audio coding and speech coding systems and is especially suited for coders using SBR [WO 98/57436] or other high frequency reconstruction methods.

The present invention provides a display device which can display characters clearly and display images smoothly. An area gray scale method is adopted and a configuration of one pixel is changed depending on a mode, by selecting one or more display regions in each pixel. When characters are needed to be displayed clearly, one pixel is configured by selecting a stripe arrangement. Thus, clear display can be conducted. When images are needed to be displayed, one pixel is configured by selecting an indented state. Thus, smooth display can be conducted.

One feature of the present invention includes first to third steps of holding a voltage, corresponding to a difference between a voltage applied to a first power supply line and a threshold voltage of a first transistor, between both electrodes of first and second storage capacitors; holding a voltage, corresponding to a difference between a voltage applied to the first power supply line and a gate-source voltage of the first transistor, which is necessary to supply a light-emitting element with a current equivalent to a video signal current inputted into a signal line, between both the electrodes of the second storage capacitor; and applying a voltage based on the voltage held in the first and second storage capacitors in the first and second steps to a gate electrode of the first transistor; therefore, a current is supplied to the light-emitting element through the first transistor.

The present invention includes perfusion bioreactors, automated cell culture systems, and methods for production of cells and cell-derived products.

A light access can be integrally formed with a light guide on at least one end of the light guide. A printed circuit board with an LED lamp mounted thereon can be press-fitted in the light access for transient arrangement, and can be fixed by a cover. The position of the printed circuit board can be determined in relation to the light guide. For example, engagement hooks of the light access can be fitted with recesses in the printed circuit board for positioning the circuit board in a plane normal to the longitudinal direction of the light guide. Similarly, positioning ribs of the light guide can be employed for positioning in the longitudinal direction of the light guide. The light guide can be formed in an almost rod shape having four sides in section normal to the longitudinal direction of the light guide. A light guide lens can be formed in one surface and a diffuser cut can be formed in the opposite surface of the light guide.

The source/drain zones (140 and 142 or 160 and 162) of a p-channel IGFET (120 or 122) are provided with graded-junction characteristics to reduce junction capacitance, thereby increasing switching speed. Each source/drain zone contains a main portion (140M, 142M, 160M, or 162M) and a more lightly doped lower portion (140L, 142L, 160L, or 162L) underlying, and vertically continuous with, the main portion.

This invention provides minimally invasive mechanical instruments that are capable of laparoscopic or endoscopic approximation and fastening of soft tissues in a variety of interventional procedures. The devices of the present invention generally consist of a proximal handle assembly incorporating actuation means, an elongate tubular assembly (which may be flexible, rigid or combinations thereof) and a distal tool assembly incorporating mechanisms for engaging tissue at two or more spaced-apart locations on a tissue surface as well as mechanisms for deploying one or more tissue fasteners to securely hold the tissues in the approximated configuration. Typically the devices are provided in an initial collapsed (i.e. pre-deployed) configuration for insertion into the patient. After being deployed to an expanded configuration, tissue is contacted and engaged at two or more locations, and upon subsequent actuation by the user, at least one of the tissue engagement mechanisms, with tissue engaged, is repositioned by moving it toward another engaged tissue location, thereby approximating the engaged tissue locations near the distal end of the device. A variety of fasteners and fastener delivery mechanisms may be integrated into the devices of the present invention to securely and permanently hold the approximated tissues in the approximated configuration. Devices of the present invention provide surgeons the ability to carry out a variety of interventional procedures in which tissue approximation and fastening is required, in a safer and more efficient manner. Certain embodiments of the present invention enable entirely new minimally invasive tissue approximation and fastening procedures to be performed, such as closure of holes in the gastrointestinal lumen created to provide access to the abdominal cavity during natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) or laparoscopic plication gastroplasty procedures that reduce stomach volume from its external surface in the treatment of obesity.

Electrical characteristics of transistors using an oxide semiconductor are greatly varied in a substrate, between substrates, and between lots, and the electrical characteristics are changed due to heat, bias, light, or the like in some cases. In view of the above, a semiconductor device using an oxide semiconductor with high reliability and small variation in electrical characteristics is manufactured. In a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, hydrogen in a film and at an interface between films is removed in a transistor using an oxide semiconductor. In order to remove hydrogen at the interface between the films, the substrate is transferred under a vacuum between film formations. Further, as for a substrate having a surface exposed to the air, hydrogen on the surface of the substrate may be removed by heat treatment or plasma treatment.

There is provided an automated data driven method for predicting one or more operational states, such as wear or degradation, of a mechanical system over time. The method comprises the steps of collecting data on the mechanical system from a data recording device, preprocessing the collected data, selecting a training data set that represents a base condition for statistical comparison, fitting a statistical model to the training data set to relate a predicted response to nuisance variables at the base condition, and using an output model to predict what an observed response would have been at the base condition and calculating the difference between the observed response and the predicted response to predict the one or more operational states of the mechanical system.

An object is to reduce a pseudo contour occurring in time gray scale method display. One pixel is divided into m subpixels (m is an integer of m≧2), and the area of the (s+1)th subpixel (1≦s≦m−1) is twice the area of the s-th subpixel. Further, one frame is divided into n subframes (n is an integer of n≧2), and a lighting period of the (p+1)th subframe (1≦p≦n−1) is 2^m times longer than a lighting period of a p-th subframe. Then, at least one subframe of the n subframes is divided into a plurality of subpixels each having a lighting period shorter than that of the subframe so that the n subframes are increased to t subframes (t>n). In at least one subframe of the t subframes, lighting periods of the subframes in a lighting state are sequentially added by the m subpixels, so that a gray scale of the pixel is expressed. (174 words)

A character reading technique recognizes character strings in grayscale images where characters within such strings have poor contrast, are variable in position or rotation with respect to other characters in the string, or where portions of characters in the string are partially obscured. The method improves classification accuracy by improving the robustness of the underlying correlation operation. Characters are divided into regions before performing correlations. Based upon the relative individual region results, region results are combined into a whole character result. Using the characters that are read, a running checksum is computed and, based upon the checksum result, characters are replaced to produce a valid result.

A system for monitoring a business's operational characteristics and employee classifications, in real time, to obtain increased amounts of data relating to the total compensation for purposes of providing a more accurate determination of a cost of insurance for the risk, on a real-time basis, and to bill such charges directly to the risk according to their unique finance plan in direct relation to their payroll cycle.

Oxygen is released from the insulating layer, whereby oxygen deficiency in the oxide semiconductor layer and an interface state between the insulating layer and the oxide semiconductor layer can be reduced. Accordingly, a semiconductor device where reliability is high and variation in electric characteristics is small can be manufactured.

A field effect transistor according to the present invention has a semiconductor layer through which carriers injected from a source region travel toward a drain region, the semiconductor layer being formed from a composite material including an organic semiconductor material and nanotubes. The nanotubes may be nanotubes including plural ones joined with each other.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: to realize a wide bandwidth light source capable of a stable operation providing a less spectrum variation.

SOLUTION: Optical pulses 202 outputted by this optical pulse-generating device 201 are split by optical coupler 210. The one of split optical pulses is inputted in white light-emitting device 204 to emit the white light having the wide bandwidth. The other split is inputted in optical band pass filter 212 in operation-stabilizing circuit 207. Optical detector 213 detects a signal level of a specific wavelength and input in feedback circuit 215 to generate first and second feedback signals 205 and 206. Ring resonator fiber laser 208 uses any one of them and controls a rotation angle of the waveplate to realize stabilization of the output.