A data collection device is disclosed, which is used to collect data according to received instructions, including: N analog boards, the N analog boards are sequentially connected in series, and N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 for collecting data; digital boards , connected to the first analog board in the N analog boards, for forwarding the received instructions to the N analog boards, and uploading the data collected by the N analog boards according to the instructions; wherein, The first analog board among the N analog boards receives the instructions forwarded by the digital board, and sequentially forwards them to the next-level analog boards, and the N analog boards collect data according to the received instructions, and forward them sequentially to the upper The primary analog board is sent to the digital board through the first analog board among the N analog boards. The invention also provides a data acquisition system and method thereof, which have strong anti-interference ability, strong real-time data transmission ability, high data transmission bandwidth, convenient fault diagnosis and high reliability.