The invention relates to a device and a method for treating emulsion wastewater of fully mechanized mining face in a coal mine. The device includes a cylinder, and the interior of the cylinder is sequentially provided with a bottom water flow channel, a bottom support plate, a filter head, a bottom grid plate, a bottom filter material layer, a two-way air flushing pipe, a middle grid plate, and a middle filter material from bottom to top. layer, the upper filter material layer and the upper clean water area, a plurality of filter heads are installed on the bottom support plate, the bottom of the side of the cylinder is provided with a water flushing port, an air flushing port, a water inlet and an air inlet, and the top of the cylinder is provided with A water outlet and a water outlet are arranged on one side, and an inspection hole is arranged on the outer wall corresponding to the filter material layer at the bottom of the cylinder. The device can collect and treat emulsion wastewater on the underground working face. The device adopts the technical principle of multi-stage adsorption, combined with two-way air flushing, which effectively removes macromolecular and refractory organic pollutants in the emulsion wastewater, and avoids the porous in the device. The compaction of the filler.