1340results about How to "Delayed reaction time" patented technology

A system for detection of braking of a vehicle may include a device provided in a first vehicle. The device may be in communication with a detector mounted to the first vehicle to monitor an area in front of the first vehicle. The detector may detect light emitted by the rear lights of a second vehicle when the second vehicle is ahead of the first vehicle in the monitored area. The device may acquire data from the detector and analyze the acquired data in order to detect an optical signal emitted by the rear lights of the second vehicle. The optical signal may encode information indicative of a braking procedure being performed by the second vehicle. The device may evaluate the detected optical signal in order to derive the information indicative of the braking procedure of the second vehicle.

This invention is concerned with a new method for producing cross-linked hyaluronic acid—protein bio-composites in various shapes. In the present process, a polysaccharide solution and a protein solution are mixed under moderate pH values in presence of salts to form a homogenous solution, which can be processed into various shapes, such as membrane, sponge, fiber, tube or micro-granular and so on. After then, the homogenous solution is subjected to a cross-linking reaction in organic solvent containing weak acid to produce an implantable bio composite material having excellent bio-compatibility, biodegradability, prolonged enzymatic degradation time, and good physical properties.

A method and device is described for transmitting information on a bus system having at least two users, as well as a bus system, exactly one superordinate user (master) and at least one subordinate user (slave) being provided, and the information being transmitted in a definable, closed message frame which, in addition to the information to be transmitted, also contains synchronization information, different information being uniquely assigned different information identifiers; after each closed message frame, a number of information sections being provided in which the at least one subordinate user may enter information.

The present invention relates to specific compositions made by the sulfation of alkoxylated crude guerbet alcohol mixtures that contain between 15% and 50% lower molecular weight alkoxylated alcohols. The lower molecular weight alcohols are the raw material alcohols used to make the guerbet. Sulfated compositions made from this specific bi-modal distribution have unique emulsification properties and experience minimal chromatographic separation when used in downhole applications.

An apparatus for performing temperature cycling, comprising a micro channel reactor structure (46, 48, 50), and having a heating structure (b1, b2, B1, B2) defining a desired temperature profile. A preferred embodiment of a heating element structure comprises a pattern of areas of a material capable of providing heat when energized, disposed over said micro channel reactor structure.

Described as one aspect of the invention are polyester compositions A polyester composition comprising at least one polyester which comprises:(A) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising:i) 70 to 100 mole % of cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid residues or an ester thereof comprising:(a) 80 to 99 mole % trans-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid residues or an ester thereof; and(b) 1 to 20 mole % cis-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid residues or an ester thereof;ii) 0 to 30 mole % of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residues, other than cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid residues, having up to 16 carbon atoms or esters thereof, other than cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid residues; andiii) 0 to 10 mole % of aromatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 20 carbon atoms; and(B) a glycol component comprising:i) 5 to 35 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues; andii) 65 to 95 mole % of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol residues, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol residues or esters thereof or mixtures thereof,wherein the total mole % of said dicarboxylic acid component is equal to 100 mole %;the total mole % of said glycol component is equal to 100 mole %;wherein the inherent viscosity of said polyester is from 0.35 to 1.2 dL / g as determined in 60 / 40 (wt / wt) phenol / tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g / 100 ml at 25° C.; and wherein said polyester has a Tg of from 66 to 120° C. The polyesters may be manufactured into articles.

The invention relates to a system (10) for handling workpieces, with a handling device (12) which comprises at least one vacuum gripper (16) for drawing a workpiece in by suction, with at least one vacuum generator (26) that can be operated by the supply of compressed air for supplying the vacuum gripper (16) with vacuum, with at least one controllable control valve (28) by which the supply of compressed air to the vacuum generator (26) can be controlled, wherein the control valve (28) is associated with a control device (30) for the proper control of the control valve (28 as required. The handling device comprises an evaluation unit (32) for evaluating operating data of the vacuum generator (26) and / or for evaluating operating data of the handling device (12) as well as for generating control signals as a function of the evaluated operating data, wherein the evaluation unit (32) is arranged on the handling device (12), and wherein the control device (30) controls the control valve (28) as a function of the control signals transmitted from the evaluation unit (32).

Multiple probes / primers expand the capability of single-probe real-time PCR. Multiplex real-time PCR uses multiple probe-based assays, in which each assay have a specific probe labeled with a unique fluorescent dye, resulting in different observed colors for each assay. Real-time PCR instruments can discriminate between the fluorescence generated from different dyes. Different probes / primers are labeled with different dyes that each have unique emission spectra. By combining the encoded microbeads and real-time PCR amplification, it is possible to increase the multiplexity of PCR experiments to a very large number, such as 128 with 7 digit or 4,096 with 12-digit barcode. Oligonucleotide probes / primers labeled with encoded microbeads offer the ability to monitor the reaction kinetics of each probe which is tagged with barcoded beads.

A supercharged combustion engine is provided with a device for exhaust gas feedback, so-called EGR, between the engine's outlet and its inlet. The device incorporates an exhaust gas driven turbine which drives a compressor which in its turn feeds exhaust gases, EGR, from the engine's outlet to its inlet. Valves situated respectively downstream and upstream from the compressor act on the EGR flow on the basis of parameters representing the engine's operating state so that desired EGR is obtained without unfavorable pressure distribution occurring across the compressor.

The present invention relates to a method for preparation of organofluoro compounds containing radioactive isotope fluorine-18. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for preparation of organofluoro compound [18F]florbetaben or [18F]AV-45 having <Chemistry Formula 11> and <Chemistry Formula 12>, respectively, by reacting fluorine salt containing radioactive isotope fluorine-18 with alkyl halide or alkyl sulfonate in the presence of alcohol of Chemistry Formula 1 as a solvent to obtain high yield of organofluoro compound. Synthesis reaction according to the present invention may be carried out under mild condition to give high yield of the organofluoro compounds and the reaction time is decreased, and thereby is suitable for the mass production of the organofluoro compounds.

The present invention relates generally to the fields of chemistry and molecular biology. More particularly, the present invention relates to thermally-conductive compositions and reaction tubes for chemical- and biochemical-based analytical processing. Compositions and reaction tubes in accordance with the invention comprise at least one plastic and at least one compound having a higher thermal conductivity than the at least one plastic to result in compositions and tubes having increased thermal conductivity when compared to the at least one plastic alone. Such compositions and tubes are capable of facilitating rapid heat transfer in numerous heat transfer applications. The thermally-conductive compositions and reaction tubes are especially suitable for containing reaction constituents during thermal cycling of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Hydrogenated vegetable oil exhibiting superior thermal stability and containing reduced levels of saturates and trans fatty acids are produced using an activated hydrogenation catalyst and / or an improved hydrogenation process incorporating high shear. The use of a high shear mechanical device incorporated into the hydrogenation process as a reactor device is shown to be capable of enabling reactions that would normally not be feasible under a given set of reaction pressure and temperature conditions. For example, the hydrogenation process described herein enables a reduction of hydrogenation time, and operation at lower temperatures than current processes. The resulting hydrogenated vegetable oil is particularly useful in frying, confectionery baking, and other applications where a product with a low trans fat content or higher thermal stability is desirable. The hydrogenated oil produced may comprise less than 10 weight % of trans fatty acids with less than 5 weight % of linolenic acid (C18:3).

Described as one aspect of the invention are polyester compositions comprising at least one polyester which comprises:(A) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising:i) 70 to 100 mole % of cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid residues or an ester thereof comprising:(a) 70 to 98 mole % trans-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid residues or an ester thereof; and(b) 2 to 30 mole % cis-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid residues or an ester thereof;ii) 0 to 30 mole % of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residues, other than cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid residues, having up to 16 carbon atoms or esters thereof, other than cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid residues,; andiii) 0 to 10 mole % of aromatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 20 carbon atoms; and(B) a glycol component comprising:i) 1 to 99 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues; andii) 1 to 99 mole % of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol residues, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol residues or esters thereof or mixtures thereof,wherein the total mole % of said dicarboxylic acid component is equal to 100 mole %;the total mole % of said glycol component is equal to 100 mole %;wherein the inherent viscosity of said polyester is from 0.35 to 1.2 dL / g as determined in 60 / 40 (wt / wt) phenol / tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g / 100 ml at 25° C.; and wherein said polyester has a Tg of from 60 to 155° C. The polyesters may be manufactured into articles.

Process for the preparation of a starch ester, in particular a starch acetate, wherein a starch-based feedstock is reacted with an organic carboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction of the starch-based feedstock and the anhydride is performed at an excess pressure of about 0.1 to 50 bar in an essentially anhydrous medium containing 10% by weight of water at the most. As catalyst, sodium acetate, sodium hydroxide or sulphuric acid is used, and as the reaction medium, acetic acid or excess acetanhydride is used. By means of the invention, the duration of the esterification reaction can be significantly shortened, the separation of the product can be facilitated, and the recirculation of the waste solutions can be rendered more efficient.

An assay device and method are provided which allow the determination of the presence or absence of at least one analyte in a test sample, while providing specific identification of the test subject. The assay device includes a reaction medium having at least one reaction zone and at least one control zone, which is capable of providing a pattern suitable for identifying the test subject. The pattern suitable for identifying the test subject is preferably a fingerprint. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reaction zone and the control zone include at least one member of a ligand / receptor pair.

In a method for operating a heads-up display system of a vehicle, the roadway state of the roadway to be traveled by the vehicle is checked using at least one suitable sensor, and a warning message is displayed at a location on the windshield in the case of detection of a critical roadway state, the location of the warning message corresponding to the dangerous, driving area of the roadway as viewed from the driver's perspective.

In a bioreactor, a culture solution derived from a cultivation tank is separated into bacteria cells and filtrate by a bacteria cell filter. The filtrate is introduced from the bacteria cell filter into a micro-nano bubble generation tank where micro-nano-bubbles are mixed with the filtrate. The filtrate containing micro-nano-bubbles is returned to the cultivation tank to activate the microorganisms therein, so that a biological reaction time is reduced by the activated microorganisms.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a nano-scale lithium ion battery anode material. The anode material is LiNixCoyMnzO2(x+y+z=1). The method comprises: dissolving compounds which contain Li, Ni, Co and Mn elements in deionized water, fully mixing the mixture to obtain uniform mixed solution, adding solution of precipitator into the mixed solution, transferring the mixed solution into a water / oil bath pot to heat the mixed solution to perform a reaction fully to obtain a LiNixCoyMnzO2(x+y+z=1) precipitate, filtering the reaction solution, washing the precipitate, drying the precipitate by spraying, and sintering the precipitate in the air at a high temperature to obtain the LiNixCoyMnzO2(x+y+z=1) anode material of which the primary particle size is of nano scale. In the invention, the LiNixCoyMnzO2(x+y+z=1) anode material for alpha-NaFeO2 type lithium ion batteries, of which the primary particles have a nano spherical polymer structure, is prepared by combining co-precipitation and spray drying, the active ingredients are mixed uniformly, the activities of the reactants are high, the reaction time and reaction temperature are reduced, the obtained product is of the nano scale and the particle size distribution of the product is uniform.

The device and method of this invention provides a means to increase anhydrosugars yield during pyrolysis of biomass. This increase is achieved by injection of a liquid or gas into the vapor stream of any pyrolysis reactor prior to the reactor condensers. A second novel feature of our technology is the utilization of sonication, microwave excitation or shear mixing of the biomass to increase the acid catalyst rate for demineralization or removal of hemicellulose prior to pyrolysis. The increased reactivity of these treatments reduces reaction time as well as the required amount of catalyst to less than half of that otherwise required. A fractional condensation system employed by our pyrolysis reactor is also a novel element of our technology. This system condenses bio-oil pyrolysis vapors to various desired fractions by differential temperature manipulation of individual condensers comprising a condenser chain.

A method for producing vapor-grown carbon fibers, comprising contacting a carbon compound with a catalyst and / or a catalyst precursor compound in a heating zone, wherein the carbon compound is a combination of compounds respectively selected from carbon compounds having no benzene ring structure within molecule [Group (a)] and from aromatic compounds [Group (b)], these compounds satisfy the conditions that, in the raw materials, (number of atoms of element as catalyst) / (number of all carbon atoms) & equals; 0.000005 to 0.0015 and [number of carbon atoms contained in compound of Group (a)] / [number of carbon atoms contained in compound of Group (a)+number of carbon atoms contained in compound of Group (b)]& equals; 0.001 to 0.9, and the residence time in the temperature region of 600° C. or more is 30 seconds or less.

Processes for producing β-hydroxy-ketones and α,β-unsaturated ketones are disclosed which comprise the crossed condensation of an aldehyde with a ketone in the presence of a hydroxide or alkoxide of alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal as catalyst. The products of the process, β-hydroxy-ketones and α,β-unsaturated ketones, are useful for the preparation of many commercially important products in the chemical process industries including solvents, drug intermediates, flavors and fragrances, other specialty chemical intermediates.

The invention relates to a method for operating a power-to-gas arrangement that is to say an arrangement which generates a gas, for example hydrogen and / or methane and / or the like, from electrical energy, wherein the power-to-gas unit for generating the gas draws electrical energy from an electrical grid, to which the power-to-gas unit is connected, wherein the grid has a predetermined setpoint frequency or a setpoint frequency range, wherein the power-to-gas unit reduces the consumption of electrical power by a predetermined value or consumes no electrical power when the grid frequency of the electrical grid is below the desired setpoint frequency of the grid by a predetermined frequency value and / or when the grid frequency drops with a frequency gradient, specifically with a change over time (Δf / Δt), of which the magnitude exceeds a predetermined magnitude of change.

A transmitted time signal carries time information encoded bit-wise by signal amplitude variations in a succession of time frames. A method involves receiving and evaluating the time signal in a receiver to acquire the time information, and then outputting from the receiver an individual data bit respectively allocated to a respective time frame during or at the end of or immediately after the respective time frame. It is not necessary to store all the data bits of a complete minute telegram in the receiver before the evaluation. The successive data bits are used by a microprocessor downstream from the receiver to produce a time signal. A circuit arrangement for a radio-controlled clock includes a receiving antenna connected to a receiver circuit that incorporates a time information decoder for decoding the time information contained in the time signal. The decoder provides, at an output of the receiver circuit, the decoded data bit allocated to a time frame, already during, at the end of, or immediately after the end of that time frame.

Herein disclosed is a method of producing synthesis gas from carbonaceous material, the method comprising: (a) providing a mixture comprising carbonaceous material and a liquid medium; (b) subjecting the mixture to high shear under gasification conditions whereby a high shear-treated stream comprising synthesis gas is produced; and (c) separating a product comprising synthesis gas from the high shear-treated stream. Herein also disclosed is a method for producing a liquid product. The method comprises forming a dispersion comprising gas bubbles dispersed in a liquid phase in a high shear device, wherein the average gas bubble diameter is less than about 1.5 μm; contacting the dispersion with a multifunctional catalyst to form the liquid product; and recovering the liquid product. In an embodiment, the liquid product is selected from the group consisting of C2+ hydrocarbons, C2+ oxygenates, and combinations thereof.

A method of processing images includes the steps of retrieving a source image file including pixel date, creating a destination image file buffer, mapping the pixel data from the source image file to the destination image file buffer, and outputting pixel, data from the destination image file buffer as a destination image file. The step of mapping pixel data from the source image file to the destination image file buffer can include the step of interpolating the source image pixel data to produce pixel date for the destination image file buffer. Border pixel data can be added to the source image file to improve the efficiency interpolation step. The source image file can be a panoramic projection image file, and can include pixel data from a plurality of images. An apparatus for processing images in accordance with the method is also provided.