97results about "Ammonia handling/storage" patented technology

Ammonia is used as precursor source of hydrogen fuel in an on-vehicle internal combustion engine. Ammonia is stored as, for example, a ligand in an on-vehicle transition metal composition. Upon demand for hydrogen by the vehicle's engine control system, ammonia is expelled as a gas from some of the composition and the ammonia gas is dissociated into a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen and delivered as a fuel-containing mixture to the engine. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen is used as a supplement to gasoline as a fuel for engine operation.

An electric power generating unit comprising (i) an ammonia storage device in the form of a container comprising an ammonia absorbing and releasing salt of the general formula: Ma(NH₃)_nX_z, wherein M is one or more cations selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and transition metals such as Li, K, Mg, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn, X is one or more anions selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, thiocyanate, sulphate, molybdate, phosphate, and chlorate ions, a is the number of cations per salt molecule, Z is the number of anions per salt molecule, and n is the coordination number of 2 to 12. (ii) means for heating said container and ammonia absorbing and releasing salt for releasing ammonia gas and (iiia) a fuel cell for converting ammonia directly into electric power; or (iiib1) a reactor for dissociating ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen and (iiib2) a fuel cell for converting hydrogen into electric power is useful for large stationary energy producing facilities, but also for use for is useful for large stationary energy producing facilities, but also for use for small rechargeable and/or replaceable power supply units for micro-fabricated or miniaturized ammonia decomposition reactors for use in mobile units and portable devices may be used for large energy producing facilities, and by use of small rechargeable and/or replaceable ammonia storage decomposition reactors, it is also possible to provide energy for mobile units and portable devices.

Disclosed is a method for storing and delivering ammonia, wherein a first ammonia adsorbing/absorbing material having a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature than a second ammonia adsorbing/absorbing material is used as an ammonia source for said second ammonia adsorbing/absorbing material when said second adsorbing/absorbing material is depleted of ammonia by consumption, and a device for performing the method.

A system for storage and dosing of ammonia, including a solid ammonia storage material capable of binding and releasing ammonia reversibly by adsorption/absorption. The system is able to release ammonia gradually according to a demand that can vary over time with intermediate periods of no ammonia demand. A main storage unit and a start-up storage unit are provided. The storage units hold ammonia storage material. At least one one-way valve is provided via which the one main storage unit is in communication with the start-up storage unit. The one-way valve prevents any back-flow of ammonia from the start-up storage unit to the main storage unit. Heating devices are arranged to heat the main storage unit and the start-up storage unit separately to generate gaseous ammonia by thermal desorption from the solid storage material. A controller controls the heating power of the main storage unit and the start-up storage unit, thereby enabling ammonia release from at least one of the start-up and/or the main storage unit. A dosing valve controls ammonia flow from the storage units according to a demand.

Solid metal ammine complexes are applied for safe and high-density storage of ammonia to be released for use as reducing agent in selective catalytic reduction of NO_x in exhaust gases. The compositional formula of the metal ammine complexes is M(NH₃)_nX_z, where M^Z+ represents one or more metal ions capable of binding ammonia, X represents one or more anions, n is the coordination number (from 2 to 12), and z the valency of the metal ion (and thus the total number of compensating anion charges). Ammonia is released by generating a reduced gas-phase pressure of ammonia inside the container, which is below the equilibrium desorption pressure of ammonia at the operating temperature of the storage material thus enabling the unit to be operated is a safe manner with lower operating temperature and pressure.

Provided are a novel system and method for delivery of a vapor phase product to a point of use, as well as a novel on-site chemical distribution system and method. The system for delivery of a vapor phase product includes a storage vessel containing a liquid chemical under its own vapor pressure, a column connected to receive the chemical in liquified state from the storage vessel, wherein the chemical is fractionated into a contaminated liquid heavy fraction and a purified light vapor fraction and a conduit connected to the column for removing the purified light vapor fraction therefrom. The system is connected to the point of use for introducing the purified vapor fraction thereto. Particular applicability is found in semiconductor manufacturing in the delivery of electronic specialty gases to one or more semiconductor processing tools.

There is described a method and apparatus (100, 100′) for storing and delivering ammonia wherein at least two ammonia storage materials (1a, 2a) capable of reversibly adsorbing or absorbing ammonia having different ammonia vapor pressures are used. Ammonia storage material (2a) having a lower vapor pressure, which is only partially saturated with ammonia or void of ammonia, is brought into fluid communication with ammonia storage material (1a) having a higher ammonia vapor pressure to adsorb or absorb ammonia released from the ammonia storage material (1a) having a higher ammonia vapor pressure when the latter is higher than a pressure threshold. An automotive NO_x treatment system (200) comprising such apparatus (100, 100′) is also described.

A solid ammonia storage and delivery material A solid ammonia storage material comprising: an ammonia absorbing salt, wherein the ammonia absorbing salt is an ionic salt of the general formula: M_a(NH₃)_nX_z, wherein M is one or more cations selected from alkaline earth metals, and/or one or more transition metals, such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and/or Zn, X is one or more anions, a is the number of cations per salt molecule, z is the number of anions per salt molecule, and ri is the coordination number of 2 to 12, wherein M is Mg provides a safe, light-weight and cheap compact storage for ammonia to be used in the automotive industry.

A method of storing and delivering ammonia and the use of electromagnetic radiation for desorption of ammonia from a chemical complex. Solid metal ammine complexes are applied for safe and high-density storage of ammonia to be released for use as reducing agent in selective catalytic reduction of NO_x in exhaust gases. The compositional formula of the metal ammine complexes is M(NH₃)_nX_z, where M²⁺ represents one or more metal ions capable of binding ammonia, X represents one or more anions, n is the coordination number (from 2 to 12), and z the valency of the metal ion (and thus the total number of compensating anion charges). Ammonia is released non-thermally by photon-activation using electromagnetic irradiation of the complex bond between ammonia coordinated to the metal ion

An ammonia supply device includes an ammonia absorber, a conductive element, a mixture, a tank and an electrode. The ammonia absorber is in powder or granular form. Ammonia is stored in the ammonia absorber and released from the ammonia absorber. The conductive element in paste or liquid form has a conductive property and a nonreactive property with ammonia. The mixture is made by mixing the ammonia absorber and the conductive element. The tank holds the mixture. The electrode includes a pair of first and second electrode elements for applying voltage to the mixture.

A compacted block of material constructed of one or more units consisting of matter comprising an ammonia-saturated material capable of reversibly desorbing and ad- or absorbing ammonia surrounded by a gas-permeable, flexible material having a thermal conductivity of at least five times the thermal conductivity of said ammonia-saturated material at −70° C. to 250° C. and methods for producing the same are described.

A method for controlling the effective heat transfer from a storage unit (1). During gas release from storage material (3) in the storage unit the storage material is heated by a heater (2). During re-saturation of the storage material (3) with gas the heater is off. Controlling of the effective heat transfer from the storage unit (1) is performed, during gas release, by ceasing convection of a convection gas and, during re-saturation, by performing or enabling convection of a convection gas to cool the storage unit (1).

An object of the present invention is to provide an adsorbent material having excellent gas storage performance and gas separation performance.

This object can be achieved by an adsorbent material comprising a composition comprising a metal complex (A) and an elastomer (B), the metal complex (A) containing an anionic ligand and at least one metal ion selected from ions of metals belonging to Groups 1 to 13 of the periodic table, the metal complex (A) being capable of undergoing a volume change upon adsorption, and the mass ratio of the metal complex (A) and the elastomer (B) being within the range of 1:99 to 99:1.