The invention belongs to the field of centrifugal model tests, and particularly relates to geotechnical
centrifuge model testing equipment and an excavation
simulation method. The geotechnical
centrifuge model testing equipment comprises a model box. A
water storage tank is arranged at the inner bottom of the model box. A foundation pit cavity and an earth filling cavity filled with an earth material are formed in the upper middle portion of the model box and located on the
water storage tank, and the foundation pit cavity and the earth filling cavity are divided by a vertically-arranged underground diaphragm wallboard. A
water level tank which is connected with the
water storage tank through a first guide
pipe and used for controlling the
water level of the earth filling cavity to go up and down is arranged in the earth filling cavity. The
water level tank and the earth filling cavity communicate with each other through densely-distributed
water seepage holes. The foundation pit cavity is connected with the
water storage tank through a second guide
pipe. The underground diaphragm wallboard is provided with a strain gage used for monitoring inner force exerted on the underground diaphragm wallboard due to foundation pit excavation and underground water level change, and an earth
pressure sensor used for monitoring lateral soil pressure change. The testing method for simulating water level rising and falling and foundation pit excavation under the condition that a geotechnical centrifugal
machine is not halted is adopted; and test
operability is high, the model can be manufactured conveniently,
soil mass water level change of the periphery of a field foundation pit and the excavation process of the foundation pit can be truly simulated, and a powerful approach is provided for studying stability of the foundation pit wall.