The invention discloses a dam piping rescue high polymer closed grouting method. The method comprises the following steps of: injecting a high polymer material into a soil engineering cloth bag at a piping passage port when a piping dangerous condition occurs at a dam, wherein the material is quickly expanded and cured after a reaction so as to quickly block the piping passage port; and injecting the high polymer material into a piping passage through micropores, wherein the material is quickly expanded and cured after the reaction so as to fulfill the aim of blocking the piping passage, reinforcing a dam body and improving the overall stability of the dam body. The method has the characteristics of good reinforcement effect, high construction speed, contribution to rescue, high pertinence, high controllability, light deadweight and the like. The high polymer closed grouting technology provides a new advanced, high-efficiency, economic and practical method for quick rescue of dam piping and has great application value for danger elimination and reinforcement of the dam.