The invention discloses a wireless test launch and control system for an aircraft. The wireless test launch and control system is composed of ground equipment and rocket-borne equipment, wherein the ground equipment comprises a command and control machine, a ground data link, a telemetering station, a switch and a display machine, and the rocket-borne equipment contains a rocket-borne data link, arocket-borne telemetering instrument and a rocket-borne computer. A wireless communication link contains an upward data link access, a downward data link access and a downward telemetering access andrealizes a test launch and control instruction, test launch and control feedback and telemetering data transmission of the aircraft. The rocket-borne data link has a low-power-consumption sleep function, can wake up a rocket-borne battery of the aircraft and control the rocket-borne battery of the aircraft to be activated as well as power distribution after an upward wireless test launch and control instruction is received and then starts a test launch and control process. The system disclosed by the invention does not need to connect ground test launch and control equipment with the aircraftby virtue of an umbilical cable, so that ablation of the umbilical cable due to flame of an engine of the aircraft is avoided; and ground communication equipment is simple to pave, a target range communication network does not need to be used, and the system disclosed by the invention has a function of receiving telemetering data in a flying process of the aircraft and a command and control function at the same time.