51 results about "Preferential flow" patented technology

A fuel cell diffusion layer providing a preferential path by which liquid reactants or byproducts may be supplied to or removed from a direct oxidation fuel cell is described. The modified diffusion layer will be typically on the cathode side of the fuel cell and its use is to eliminate or minimize flooding of the cathode diffusion layer area, which is a performance limiting condition in direct methanol fuel cells. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the diffusion layer includes a substrate that is coated with a microporous layer. A pattern may be embossed into the diffusion layer, to create preferential flow paths by which water will travel and thereby be removed from the cathode catalyst area. This avoids cathode flooding and avoids build up of potentially destructive pressure by possible cathodic water accumulation. This also provides a means for collecting cathode water for redirection In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the preferential path is established by applying a thicker microporous layer to the carbon cloth or carbon paper and drying it in such a fashion so that when it dries, the surface of the microporous layer cracks to provide the pathways.

The invention concerns an injecting / blowing device comprising at least one mold for injecting a thin-walled hollow preform capable of being transformed into a more voluminous hollow body by blowing, said mold including a counter mold defining the inner surface of the cavity, a cure located in the cavity and spaced apart from said inner surface, a preform impression located between the counter mold inner surface and the core, and which will receive the melt, at least two main preferential flow channels (CEPP) optionally at least two secondary preferential flow channels (CEP), each CEP being delimited by at least one recessed zone at the surface of the core and the inner surface of the cavity. Said device is characterized in that: the main CEP are located only at the impression zone corresponding to the zone for transforming the preform; and in that the optional secondary CEP are discontinuous, distinct from the main CEP, and located at the impression zone corresponding to the base and / or the body and / or the ring of the preform.

A flow rate switching type flow divider for distributing fluid from a pump to a priority flow circuit and a surplus flow circuit. A flow divider valve arranged along a first line includes a first restriction to restrict flow rate of the fluid from the supply flow path to the priority flow path. A switch valve is arranged along a second line that differs from the first line so as to communicate with the supply flow path through the flow divider valve at a location upstream from the first restriction. The switch valve switches an opening amount of a connection flow path that bypasses the first restriction and extends from the supply flow path to the priority flow path. The switch valve includes a second restriction arranged in the switch valve for restricting flow rate of fluid flowing through the connection flow path.

The invention provides a discontinuous unsaturation soil rainfall infiltration physical simulation system and a measuring method. The discontinuous unsaturation soil rainfall infiltration physical simulation system comprises a testing soil groove, a bleed-and-feed system and a measuring system, the measuring system comprises a soil water potential measuring unit, a soil moisture measuring unit, awater head measuring unit, a soil temperature measuring unit, a soil moisture diffusion measuring unit, a data acquisition instrument and a data storage computer. According to the discontinuous unsaturation soil rainfall infiltration physical simulation system and the measuring method, a researcher can be helped to better understand related conception of unsaturated zone unsaturation seepage experiment and unsaturated zone rainfall infiltration preferential flow under the condition of understanding a discontinuous medium, permeability coefficients, soil matrix potential, soil moisture horizontal diffusion speed and the like of soil can be measured in practical application, the diffusion rate, an infiltration curve and a motion equation of unsaturation soil moisture are studied by using a measuring result, and stable data support is provided for studying the influence of soil characteristics at different collapse stages on unsaturated zone moisture displacement.

A liquid distribution trough contained within a tower for the purpose of mass or thermal exchange between at least a first liquid and a second fluid; the trough having an upper section and a lower section; the lower section for receiving the first liquid; a horizontal dividing member separating the upper section from the lower section and having at least one dividing member portion defining an aperture to allow for passage of the liquid fluid from the lower section to the upper section; a feed conduit means in communication with the lower section to provide feed first liquid flow to the lower section; the lower section having at least one inlet portion defining a liquid inlet in communication with the feed conduit means; and a first baffle adjacent the inlet portion operably impacted by the first liquid flow and to hinder preferential flow along the walls of the trough and the dividing member. The trough and tower are of particular value in a sulphuric acid plant and a carbon dioxide capture plant.

The invention discloses an undisturbed loess preferential flow dynamic observation device for CT scanning and a method of use. The loess is stored in a visual container of the device. A continuous fluid adding device continuously supplies liquid to a percolation chamber. During the gradual seepage of the loess, CT can clearly scan related parameters such as pore changes in the loess and seepage paths of the liquid. The device is simple in structure, convenient to mount and dismount, and high in automation degree. The method of using the device adopts advanced X-ray CT non-destructive testing technology to perform dynamic CT scanning on undisturbed loess samples in an undisturbed soil visual seepage device under continuous humidification conditions, and uses an AVIZO three-dimensional visual reconstruction platform to perform image processing, three-dimensional visual reconstruction, pore fracture characteristic analysis and preferential flow seepage path extraction on CT scanning results under dry wet conditions to obtain preferential seepage channels of the pore fracture and dynamic development rules of the preferential flow.

A reactor for two-phase reaction, in particular for urea synthesis at high pressure and temperature of the type wherein a co-current flow of a gaseous phase and a liquid phase takes place, comprises a substantially cylindrical vertical external shell (2) in which is supported a plurality of superimposed horizontal perforated plates (6a-6e) in mutually spaced relationship and at least one opening (12a-12e) for liquid flow being defined in correspondence of each of the perforated plates. Advantageously the openings (12a-12e) for liquid flow are mutually offset so as to obtain a substantially zigzag preferential flow path for the liquid phase in the reactor.

A liquid distribution trough contained within a tower for the purpose of mass or thermal exchange between at least a first liquid and a second fluid; the trough having an upper section and a lower section; the lower section for receiving the first liquid; a horizontal dividing member separating the upper section from the lower section and having at least one dividing member portion defining an aperture to allow for passage of the liquid fluid from the lower section to the upper section; a feed conduit means in communication with the lower section to provide feed first liquid flow to the lower section; the lower section having at least one inlet portion defining a liquid inlet in communication with the feed conduit means; and a first baffle adjacent the inlet portion operably impacted by the first liquid flow and to hinder preferential flow along the walls of the trough and the dividing member. The trough and tower are of particular value in a sulphuric acid plant and a carbon dioxide capture plant.

The invention discloses a method for controlling earth surface water and soil loss of an underground layered mineral product mining subsidence area. According to the method, according to the soil body stress distribution or the deformation feature difference caused by the elevation change of a mining area ground surface subsidence basin, the water physical property of a ground surface soil body in different water containing conditions is utilized, the soil body plasticity is improved, pull cracks of a soil body are reduced, and therefore the depth perpendicular infiltration function caused by the cracks in the soil corrosion process is achieved. On the mining area ground surface, the soil body water containing rate is adjusted through an auxiliary technology for quantitative water spraying, the ground crack development degree of an expanding time zone of the mining subsidence basin is controlled, and the water and soil loss acting degree caused by the crack preferential flow action is lowered. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that a large machine is not needed for construction, the input is low in the mine lot environmental governance technology method, and the governance cost is low; the ground surface soil body does not need to be chemically improved through the method, the micro-ecology environment in the soil body cannot be damaged, and the method is suitable for the fragile ecological environment in a mine lot.

A reactor for two-phase reaction, in particular for urea synthesis at high pressure and temperature of the type wherein a co-current flow of a gaseous phase and a liquid phase takes place, comprises a substantially cylindrical vertical external shell (2) in which is supported a plurality of superimposed horizontal perforated plates (6a-6e) in mutually spaced relationship and at least one opening (12a-12e) for liquid flow being defined in correspondence of each of the perforated plates. Advantageously the openings (12a-12e) for liquid flow are mutually offset so as to obtain a substantially zigzag preferential flow path for the liquid phase in the reactor.

The invention relates to a soil infiltration process measuring instrument, in particular to an improved double-ring infiltration process visual test device. The device comprises an inner arc plate and an outer arc plate, a horizontal fixed plate and a vertical fixed plate which are respectively connected with the inner arc plate and the outer arc plate, a vertical connecting plate, and a transparent perforated organic glass plate. In order to observe an advancing process of a wetting front in an infiltration process of a double-ring infiltration test, the device solves the problems that a vertical moisture content distribution test has defects and the influence of preferential flow on the infiltration test is not considered. The improved double-ring infiltration process visual test device is simple in structure and low in manufacturing cost; a double-ring infiltration device is combined with the organic glass plate, so that the change of the wetting front can be observed, and the change of moisture contents of different positions can be measured.

The invention discloses a method for observing preferential flows in arid and semi-arid alpine regions, which belongs to a technical measure for researching forest hydrology processes, water resources and sloping-field runoff characteristics. In a technique and a method for observing preferential flow observing fields in arid and semi-arid alpine regions disclosed by the invention, according to the theories of forest ecology and forest hydrology, the occurrence regularity and development regularity of snowmelt runoffs are observed and studied, and through observation, research and analysis, the change rule of preferential flows under the conditions of different weather conditions, different forest vegetations, different forest coverage rates, different manual acting modes and different slope positions and directions is revealed, thereby finding effective ways of increasing the flow rate of preferential flows, developing and rationally utilizing water resources, making up the flow rate of river channels in dry seasons, relieving the contradiction of water utilization for spring ploughing in the middle and lower reaches of rivers, and solving practical problems which are badly required to be solved in current agricultural production.

The invention discloses a visual testing device for observing the infiltration process of soil moisture in a ring-type infiltration instrument, and a method using the same. The visual testing device comprises two half soil bins, half soil bin connecting plates, a perspex sheet, bolts for fixing the perspex sheet and the half soil bin connecting plates, bolts for fixing the two half soil bins, a partitionable infiltration ring and an infiltration ring connecting plate. With the device and the method, the influence of preferential flow to the whole soil infiltration process can be observed, so that basis is provided for further studying the infiltration process of soil moisture in a ring can be provided, and effective basis is provided for analyzing the accuracy of measuring results of the ring-type infiltration instrument and providing an improved device for eliminating the influence of the preferential flow.

The device for generating a cooling air flow in a preferential flow direction for cooling electrical components, particularly LEDs, comprises a first and a second channel wall (34,36) having mutually confronting inner sides, and an oscillation drive means (42) for generating an oscillating movement of at least a partial region (38) of at least one of said channel walls (34,36) in the direction toward the other channel wall and away therefrom. The inner side of at least one of said two channel walls (34,36) has a surface structure (30) designed for anisotropic flow, which has a smaller flow resistance coefficient in the preferential flow direction (28) than in a direction extending at an angle to the preferential flow direction (28) and particularly in a direction extending opposite to the preferential flow direction (28).

The invention relates to a testing device for simulating a seepage failure of a dam with upper part defects and a construction method thereof. The testing device comprises a model tank and a dam model arranged in the model tank. An arch simulative ant channel is formed in the upper part of the dam model. A spherical area is arranged near the position, close to the downstream dam slope, of the simulative ant channel of the dam model, and an artificial sprinkler is arranged above the model tank. A plurality of sets of monitoring sensors are buried near the simulative ant channel in the dam model. The construction method of the testing device comprises the steps that firstly, clay is made into a soil sample, an arch thin pipe is buried on the upper part of the dam model, and tamping is conducted after the soil sample is made higher than the thin pipe through filling; and secondly, the portion, on the periphery of the thin pipe, of the soil sample is excavated to be spherical, the excavated portion of the soil sample is backfilled again to make a clay layer in the spherical area become looser towards the thin pipe, the simulative ant channel is generated by pulling out the pre-buried thin pipe after filling is completed, and the multiple sets of monitoring sensors are arranged along the simulative ant channel. The testing device can be used for studying preferential flow effects of the upper part defects of the homogeneous dam and the disaster-causing mechanism inducing the seepage failure of the homogeneous dam.

The invention discloses a method for simulating and measuring influence of farmland soil surface cracks on preferential flow infiltration. The method comprises the following steps: sampling undisturbed farmland soil with a sampling tube, and injecting dissolved paraffin into a gap between the tube wall and a soil column in the tube; laying a 80-mesh steel wire mesh on the surface of each soil column and laying a gravel layer; irrigating each soil column to form cracks on the surface of the soil column; sealing the surface cracks of one soil column by the dissolved paraffin; injecting water totwo soil columns respectively, dynamically monitoring the outflow volume of each soil column by an electronic balance, and recording the accumulated outflow volume and accumulated outflow time respectively; calculating the infiltration volume of preferential flow produced by the soil surface cracks, the percentage of the infiltration volume of preferential flow accounting for the total infiltration volume and the average outflow rate of the two soil columns. The farmland soil surface cracks can be well simulated indoors, conditions of infiltration volume of preferential flow produced by the cracks can be measured and analyzed quantitatively, and the method is simple to operate and low in cost.

The invention relates to a method for evaluating matrix flow and preferential flow degrees of an earth and stone binary medium and belongs to the field of soil hydrodynamics. An actual flow mode of water infiltration is characterized with brilliant blue and potassium iodide. Researches show that, water transfer is mainly completed by virtue of actions of matrix flow, preferential flow, matrix-preferential mixed flow and water diffusion, while under the earth and stone binary medium condition, the water diffusion action has less influence and can be neglected. Therefore, a preferential flow water transfer mode is characterized by a Blue-FCF staining profile, a matrix flow-preferential flow mixed transfer mode is characterized by a potassium iodide staining profile, and then the potassium iodide staining area except the Blue-FCF staining part is considered as a matrix flow dominant area. Based on the principle, by virtue of an image processing technology, the invention provides a methodfor calculating a matrix / preferential flow contribution ratio (respectively represented by CR matrix flow and CR preferential flow) and a matrix / preferential flow infiltration path relative quantity ratio, thereby evaluating the matrix / preferential flow degree of the earth and stone binary medium.

Disclosed is a combustion system for a gas turbine engine, which includes a combustor and a plurality of fuel injector nozzles within the combustor. The plurality of fuel injector nozzles include at least one start nozzle and at least of run nozzle, wherein each of the plurality of fuel injector nozzles is a single-circuit fuel injector nozzle. The combustion system further includes a fuel flow directing system to selectively deliver fuel flow to each of the at least one start nozzle and at least one run nozzle, wherein the fuel flow directing system is configured to deliver preferential flow of fuel to the at least one start nozzle during an engine start-up procedure and is further configured to deliver an equalized flow both of the at least one start nozzle and the at least one run nozzle as a total engine fuel flow is near or above an idle setting.

Embodiments of the invention provide a preferential flow pattern determination method, apparatus and system based on a high definition image. The method comprises the following steps: capturing the high definition image of a dyed soil slope; performing color replacement on the high definition image, replacing a dyed portion with black, and replacing an undyed portion with white, thereby obtaininga black-and-white image; converting the black-and-white image into a raster file, the raster file comprising a plurality of numbers, and the plurality of numbers comprising three adjacent values; converting the raster file into a text format file, the text format file comprising a plurality of numbers; and counting and proportionally calculating a plurality of numbers in the text format file to obtain a dyeing percentage of the soil slope, wherein the dyeing percentage is used to reflect the preferential flow pattern of the soil slope. Because the three-valued numeralization method is adoptedin the scheme, a processing result of the high definition image is more consistent with an actual preferential flow channel, and the determination effect of the preferential flow pattern is improved.

The invention discloses a method for determining the root system soil profile preferential flow. The method mainly comprises: digging a soil pit, processing the formed experimental profile, dividing the rhizome and recording, and cutting the root system part exposed to the soil profile; inserting a plurality of iron plates on the experimental profile, fixing the outer portions of the iron plates by using a bracket, carrying out wet pretreatment on the soil profile, and recording the position of the root producing the preferential flow in the profile; and inserting a plurality of metal pipes connected to soft pipes at the position of the root producing the preferential flow, controlling the rainfall intensity and the rainfall time, and determining the number of the preferential flow produced by the root system in the soil profile under different rainfall intensities or rainfall times, wherein the other end of the soft pipe is connected to a container so as to collect the soil water exported during the experiment process. According to the present invention, the black-box problem of the soil preferential flow is researched by digging the soil profile, such that the advantages of intuition and convenient operation are provided.

The invention relates to a double-pump valve outside flow-converging system suitable for a breaking hammer of an excavator. A hydraulic system of an existing excavator is improved. An existing oil way, supplying oil to the hydraulic breaking hammer through a multi-way valve, of a second main pump is not changed, and an oil way of a first main pump is changed through two valve blocks. According to whether a breaking pilot valve supplies the oil or not, a valve element of a pressure sequence valve and a valve element of a flow-converging valve are controlled to be opened or not, and therefore a valve element of a preferential flow control valve is controlled to supply the oil to the multi-way valve or directly supply the oil to the hydraulic breaking hammer or supply the oil to the multi-way valve and the hydraulic breaking hammer simultaneously. In the working process of the hydraulic breaking hammer, the high-pressure oil can reach the hydraulic breaking hammer only through the two valve blocks outside an original valve set of the excavator. The problem that a traditional valve inside flow-converging system loses much pressure and consequently a great amount of heat is generated is solved, and meanwhile the double pumps of the excavator are fully used. The larger breaking hammer can be mounted on the excavator of the same tonnage, and the mechanical properties of the excavator are greatly improved.

The invention discloses an inserted type in-situ soil leachate collecting device, belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil measurement study and aims to solve the problem of preferential flow of the traditional alfisol column. The inserted type in-situ soil leachate collecting device comprises a filtrate collecting unit, a negative-pressure sampling unit and a cleaning unit, wherein the filtrate collecting unit comprises a filter layer and a filtrate collector below the filter layer, the filtrate collector comprises an outer frame and a filtrate collecting cavity formed in the outer frame, and the filtrate collecting cavity is communicated with the negative-pressure sampling unit and the cleaning unit; the cleaning unit comprises a negative-pressure pump and a flushing pipe, and the negative-pressure pump is communicated with the filtrate collecting cavity through the flushing pipe; the negative-pressure sampling unit comprises a negative-pressure sampling pump, a water outlet pipe and a sampling bottle, one end of the water outlet pipe is communicated with the filtrate collecting cavity, and the other end of the water outlet pipe is communicated with the negative-pressure sampling pump and the sampling bottle. The device is convenient to mount and simple to operate, and the influence of preferential flow of the traditional alfisol column can be avoided; by means of the cleaning unit, blockage of the water outlet pipe during sampling can be prevented, and the service life of the device is prolonged.

The application discloses a cloud monitoring system and a cloud monitoring system applied to the catering industry. In addition, the application further provides a cloud monitoring method and device,and a cloud monitoring method and device applied to the catering industry. According to the cloud monitoring system, the cloud system acquires first flow data of a service and sends the data to a cloud monitoring center; the cloud monitoring center extracts service peak flow data at service peak time and / or service preferential flow data at service preferential time, establishes a data predictionmodel based on the extracted flow data, processes second flow data of the service from the cloud system to obtain data features, and thus a monitoring result is obtained. Therefore, the data prediction model is established based on the flow data characteristics of the catering industry and the complete flow data sample; and the flow data of the client are predicted to obtain the cloud monitoring result, so that the high accuracy of the cloud monitoring result is ensured and false alarming is avoided.

The invention discloses a method and system for controlling and evaluating preferential flow degrees of soil. The method comprises a field dyeing tracing test step: collecting a dyeing profile image after the dyeing tracing test is finished; a picture processing and picture element extraction step: processing the dyeing profile image into a binary information matrix consisting of black and white,and converting the picture into a bitmap format; a parameter calculation and preferential flow degree evaluation step: selecting a representative preferential flow maximum infiltration depth, a representative soil profile dyeing area ration, a representative matrix flow area depth and a representative preferential flow fraction; and a preferential flow degree response analysis step: analyzing a linear relationship between irrigation volume levels and preferential flow indexes, and carrying out check analysis on the indexes under same irrigation volumes and different charcoal treatments.

The invention discloses a kinetic wave infiltration method capable of describing a preferential flow phenomenon quantitatively, and belongs to the field of soil hydrology. According to the method, a soil moisture profile is divided into a preferential flow area and a matrix flow area, and an infiltration model in which the preferential flow area and the matrix flow area makes bidirectional coupling via the free water surface is provided according to a kinetic wave infiltration theory. The method can reflect wetting front change and soil moisture mutual feedback between the preferential flow and matrix flow, the problem that a present infiltration method is hard to describe the preferential flow phenomenon quantitatively is solved, and the method has high engineering significance.

The invention relates to a method and a system for field in-situ observation of a slope runoff-matrix flow-preferential flow moisture migration process. The system comprises a rainfall simulator, a slope runoff collecting device, a soil water collecting device, a slope runoff flow collector, a soil water flow collector and a data acquisition processor; wherein the slope runoff water collecting device comprises a slope runoff collecting frame and a slope runoff collecting groove; the soil water collecting device comprises a bottom face, a water baffle arranged on the periphery of the bottom face part and a water collecting opening formed in the water baffle; the pressure sensors are arranged at the bottoms of the slope runoff flow collector and the soil water flow collector and can read the pressure of fluid in the collectors in real time; and the data acquisition processor is connected with pressure sensors in the slope runoff flow collector and the soil water flow collector and is used for acquiring and processing data.

The invention discloses a rare earth slope preferential flow simulation test system, and relates to a laboratory permeation experiment device. The rare earth slope preferential flow simulation test system integrates a rainfall system, a water supply system, a monitoring system, a soil bin permeation device and a boundary water level control water tank. The test system comprises a soil tank and is characterized by further comprising the rainfall system and the water supply system which are arranged on the upper portion of the soil tank, the moisture and pore water pressure monitoring system arranged in the soil tank and the boundary water level control system arranged on the two sides of the soil tank.

A wastewater treatment plant. The plant comprises separating equipment for separating the solid particles from the liquid part. The separating equipment comprises, in turn, an inlet opening and an outlet opening, which are substantially arranged in line along a common directrix. In the fluid mass, there is present at least one fluid-dynamic profile, which is suited to help the detachment of the solid particles from the liquid part. The plant is characterised in that the separating equipment comprises, furthermore, a second fluid-dynamic profile. The two fluid-dynamic profiles define between one another a first preferential flow channel of the liquid mass.

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic valves, in particular to a flow dividing valve block. The flow dividing valve block comprises a valve block body and a preferential flow valve element. The preferential flow valve element is arranged on the side surface of the valve block body and connected with a main pump, a steering mechanism and a traveling mechanism through oil ways. The preferential flow valve element supplies oil to the steering mechanism preferentially. When a hydraulic system works, the main pump supplies oil to all execution mechanisms, due to the facts that the preferential flow valve element is connected with the steering mechanism and the traveling mechanism through the oil ways, and the preferential flow valve element supplies oil to the steering mechanism preferentially, the effect that no matter how the pressure of a non-preferential port changes, the requirement of a preferential port is met by system flow preferentially as long as the preferential port has the requirement is guaranteed by the preferential flow valve element through flow control, and thus, the effect that functions of a steering system of a working device are preferential is guaranteed. On the premise that the effect that the functions of the steering system are preferential is guaranteed, the hydraulic oil flow of the traveling mechanism is secondly preferential, and accordingly, the oil flow requirement of the steering mechanism in the working device is met.

The invention discloses a method for controlling earth surface water and soil loss of an underground layered mineral product mining subsidence area. According to the method, according to the soil body stress distribution or the deformation feature difference caused by the elevation change of a mining area ground surface subsidence basin, the water physical property of a ground surface soil body in different water containing conditions is utilized, the soil body plasticity is improved, pull cracks of a soil body are reduced, and therefore the depth perpendicular infiltration function caused by the cracks in the soil corrosion process is achieved. On the mining area ground surface, the soil body water containing rate is adjusted through an auxiliary technology for quantitative water spraying, the ground crack development degree of an expanding time zone of the mining subsidence basin is controlled, and the water and soil loss acting degree caused by the crack preferential flow action is lowered. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that a large machine is not needed for construction, the input is low in the mine lot environmental governance technology method, and the governance cost is low; the ground surface soil body does not need to be chemically improved through the method, the micro-ecology environment in the soil body cannot be damaged, and the method is suitable for the fragile ecological environment in a mine lot.