226 results about "Peak level" patented technology

A power delivery method and system for powering a headset. A power signal is combined with an audio signal to form a composite signal that is communicated over a shared channel to the headset. The power signal is generated by modulating a carrier signal with a modulation signal. The modulation signal is derived from the amplitude of the audio signal so that the peak levels of the composite signal do not exceed the maximum allowable output of an audio I / O circuit driving the headset.

A system that facilitates and implements energy savings decisions by a home owner. The system will provide a mechanism to reduce the peak level of energy demand. A controller in logical communication with energy consuming appliances responds to request for energy from energy consuming appliances and devices by permitting or curtailing energy supply to the appliances or devices based on evaluation of a plurality of logical considerations. The controller may be operated to provide energy to fewer than all of the energy requesting appliances to reduce the energy demand on an energy supply source, including the instantaneous peak demand.

A light sensor system includes at least one light emitter, a light sensor unit and a processing unit. The light sensor unit is arranged to receive reflected light from an object in accordance with a time sequence in which the at least one light emitter is activated, and accordingly output a plurality of reflected signals. The processing unit is arranged to receive the reflected signals, identify a signal function of time by referring to occurrence sequence of local peak levels of the reflected signals, and determine motion of the object according to the signal function of time. Another light sensor system is proposed. The major difference between the two light sensor systems is that the processing unit of the another light sensor system is arranged to identify the signal function of time by comparing a predetermined threshold with signal levels of the reflected signals.

A rotor structure for an interior permanent magnet (IPM) electromotive machine is provided. The rotor structure includes at least one rotor lamination including a first group of slots and a second group of slots arranged to form a magnetic pole. The first group of slots may be arranged to form a magnetic flux along a direct axis of the magnetic pole resulting from the first and second group of slots. At least some of the first group of slots is arranged to receive a respective permanent magnet. The second group of slots is arranged to provide a separation for the magnetic flux from adjacent magnetic poles and lying along a quadrature axis of said magnetic pole. At least some of the second group of slots is arranged without a permanent magnet. The rotor structure further includes a magneto-mechanical barrier arranged to reduce a peak level of mechanical stress occurring by the first and / or the second group of slots and / or impede a flow of magnetic flux through the barrier.

A method of administering beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid (HMB) is described, and specifically administering HMB-acid to a person such that the administration of free acid HMB results in an increase in effectiveness of HMB over administration of other forms of HMB, including a calcium salt HMB composition is described. Administration of HMB-acid results in an increase in the peak level of HMB in plasma compared with administration of a similar dose of a calcium salt HMB composition. Administration of HMB-acid results in a faster time to reach peak plasma levels of HMB relative to administration of a similar dosage of a calcium salt HMB composition.

Scanning rate in a capacitance change measuring circuit for a capacitive sensor device is enhanced. The circuit includes: an electrode drive section line-sequentially applying an input pulse signal to a plurality of columns of first electrode patterns in the capacitive sensor device; a peak hold circuit storing a peak level of a detection signal extracted from each column of second electrode patterns into a capacitive element as a corresponding potential; a current source initializing the potential in the capacitive element within one period of the input pulse signal; a comparator comparing the potential in the capacitive element with a reference value; and determination sections each determining whether or not an input operation using a human body or the like is executed, based on a timing information and a reference timing information, the timing information representing a timing when the potential held in the capacitive element crosses the reference value.

The degree of wear of a tire is estimated with constant accuracy. An acceleration sensor (11) is installed on the inner surface in the inner liner region of a tire to detect the acceleration of the tread in the radial direction of the tire. The peak level on the leading edge side or the trailing edge side of the tread appearing in the differentiated waveform of the detected acceleration is calculated and used as an index V of deformation speed of the tread. The degree of wear of the tire is estimated on the basis of the calculated index V of deformation speed and an M-V map (16B) showing a predetermined relationship between the degree M of tire wear and the index V of deformation speed.

Methods for noninvasively measuring, or estimating, functional residual capacity or effective lung volume include obtaining carbon dioxide and flow measurements at or near the mouth of a subject. Such measurements are obtained during baseline breathing and during and shortly after inducement of a change in the subject's effective ventilation. The obtained measurements are evaluated to determine the amount of time required for exhaled carbon dioxide levels to return to normal—effectively an evaluation of carbon dioxide “washout” from the subject's lungs. Conversely, carbon dioxide and flow measurements may be evaluated to determine the amount of time it takes carbon dioxide to “wash in,” or reach peak levels within, the lungs of the subject following the change in the subject's effective ventilation. Apparatus for effective such methods are also disclosed.

An exemplary apparatus embodiment provides a plurality of operating modes for solid state lighting, such as a flash mode and a constant or background lighting mode for use with devices such as cameras. An exemplary apparatus comprises a memory adapted to store a plurality of average current parameters; and a controller adapted to modulate an energizing cycle time period (“T”) for providing power to the solid state lighting as proportional to the product of the selected average current parameter (“a”) and a reset time period (“TR”) for an inductor current to return to a substantially zero level from a predetermined peak level (T∝a·TR). The average current parameter is predetermined as substantially proportional to a ratio of a peak inductor current level (“IP”) to an average output D.C. current level (“IO”)⁢(a∝IPIO).

The invention provides a display panel 9; a gain variable liquid crystal driving circuit 10 for driving the display panel 9 with an amplified video signal that is obtained by multiplying an input video signal by a variable coefficient; a backlight operating circuit 6 for operating, based on a lamp control signal, a backlight 8 for illuminating the display panel 9; a level extension signal calculating circuit 11 for outputting an optical output level extension signal Lout by extending a predetermined output level used to operate the backlight 8, wherein the predetermined output level is extended based on an optical output gain obtained from the input video signal, and an output peak value of the backlight 8; and a white peak improving circuit 5 for receiving the optical output level extension signal, and for outputting a lamp control signal, whose white peak level has been adjusted according to a change in brightness of a scene, to the backlight operating circuit 6, and for calculating and outputting a video amplitude gain, which adjusts an amplitude of a video signal, as a coefficient to a gain variable driving amplifier circuit 3, wherein the lamp control signal is outputted when the brightness of a scene is above normal level, and the video amplitude gain is outputted when the brightness is at normal level. As a result, there is provided a display apparatus that improves peak luminance in a bright scene and suppresses pale black display in a dark scene and thereby provide a wide dynamic range without increasing power consumption.

A low power vibration sensor and wireless transmitter system has one or more sensors that sense parameters of a machine including vibration and produces dynamic signals representing the sensed parameters. The system converts the signals to a digital format, digitally filters the signals, and processes the signals. A processor determines a plurality of levels, which represent the characteristics of the signal such as the peak value of a predetermined set of data points of the digital signal. Together, the levels comprise a PeakVue waveform. The processor determines the peak level value for the PeakVue waveform. Also, a true root-mean-square is calculated as the signal is received at the processor. The peak level and the RMS value are communicated wirelessly by a communication module to a control protocol network such as a daisy chain HART or Fieldbus protocol network. The system power supply and the communication module power supply are separate and allow for low power operation.

An oscillator includes a reference voltage generator, an oscillation element configured to oscillate by either a drive voltage or a drive current and output an oscillation signal, a peak hold element configured to detect a peak level of the oscillation signal for output; and a controller configured to increase or decrease the drive voltage or drive current in accordance with the reference voltage generated by the reference voltage generator and the peak level output from the peak hold element.

An exemplary apparatus embodiment provides a plurality of operating modes for solid state lighting, such as a flash mode and a constant or background lighting mode for use with devices such as cameras. An exemplary apparatus comprises a memory adapted to store a plurality of average current parameters; and a controller adapted to modulate an energizing cycle time period (“T”) for providing power to the solid state lighting as proportional to the product of the selected average current parameter (“a”) and a reset time period (“TR”) for an inductor current to return to a substantially zero level from a predetermined peak level (T∝a·TR). The average current parameter is predetermined as substantially proportional to a ratio of a peak inductor current level (“IP”) to an average output D.C. current level(“IO”)⁢(a∝IPIO).

Efficiency of a hydraulically driven system is evaluated by monitoring the change in ratio of output torque to input hydraulic pressure. The hydraulic pressure data is received from a hydraulic sensor. The torque data is received from a load cell receiving a force transmitted to it by a back-up wrench. Filters are applied to the data to obtain peak levels of torque and hydraulic pressure. A ratio is generated for each process associated with a rod or other elongated member based on peak torque and hydraulic pressure levels achieved during the process. The ratio is stored and compared to historical ratios to determine if the ratio has changed more than a predetermined amount over time. A similar evaluation can be achieved by comparing speed generated on the elongated member by the hydraulically driven system to the current level controlling the flow of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulically driven system.

The object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic noise measurement apparatus, electromagnetic noise measurement method and recording medium capable of preventing erroneous measurement of electromagnetic noise and of enhancing measurement efficiency. An electromagnetic noise measurement apparatus includes a PC, a field intensity meter, a spectrum analyzer, a preamplifier, a controller, a printer and the like. The controller is connected to a turn table for turning an electromagnetic noise measurement target, e.g., a copying machine, and to an antenna elevator for elevating an antenna for measuring electromagnetic noise radiated from the copying machine. The controller controls the turn table and the antenna elevator according to command of the PC. The PC compares a QP value acquired by the field intensity meter with a peak level acquired by the spectrum analyzer, and displays an error message if the difference between the QP value and the peak level is large.

The invention provides a display panel 9; a gain variable liquid crystal driving circuit 10 for driving the display panel 9; a backlight operating circuit 6 for operating, based on a lamp control signal, a backlight 8 for illuminating the display panel 9; a level extension signal calculating circuit 11 for outputting an optical output level extension signal Lout by extending a predetermined output level used to operate the backlight 8; and a white peak improving circuit 5 for receiving the optical output level extension signal, and for outputting a lamp control signal, whose white peak level has been adjusted according to a change in brightness of a scene and for calculating and outputting a video amplitude gain as a coefficient to a gain variable driving amplifier circuit 3, wherein the lamp control signal is outputted when the brightness of a scene is above normal level, and the video amplitude gain is outputted when the brightness is at normal level.

A low power vibration sensor and wireless transmitter system has one or more sensors that sense parameters of a machine including vibration and produces dynamic signals representing the sensed parameters. The system converts the signals to a digital format, digitally filters the signals, and processes the signals. A processor determines a plurality of levels, which represent the characteristics of the signal such as the peak value of a predetermined set of data points of the digital signal. Together, the levels comprise a PeakVue waveform. The processor determines the peak level value for the PeakVue waveform. Also, a true root-mean-square is calculated as the signal is received at the processor. The peak level and the RMS value are communicated wirelessly by a communication module to a control protocol network such as a daisy chain HART or Fieldbus protocol network. The system power supply and the communication module power supply are separate and allow for low power operation.

The present invention discloses a method, a system and an implementing circuit element for compensating inductance variation. A comparing circuit and a control loop are used to maintain the peak level of current flowing through an inductor of a flyback converter. An inductor switch control signal controls an inductor switch through which the inductor current flows. The inductor current increases at a ramp-up rate during a ramp time and stops increasing at the end of the ramp time. The comparing circuit generates a timing signal that indicates a target time at which the inductor current would reach a predetermined current limit if the inductor current continued to increase at the ramp-up rate. The control loop then receives the timing signal and compares the target time to the end of the ramp time. The pulse width of the inductor switch control signal is increased when the target time occurs after the end of the ramp time. Adjusting the pulse width controls the peak of the inductor current.

Methods for noninvasively measuring, or estimating, functional residual capacity or effective lung volume include obtaining carbon dioxide and flow measurements at or near the mouth of a subject. Such measurements are obtained during baseline breathing and during and shortly after inducement of a change in the subject's effective ventilation. The obtained measurements are evaluated to determine the amount of time required for exhaled carbon dioxide levels to return to normal—effectively an evaluation of carbon dioxide “washout” from the subject's lungs. Conversely, carbon dioxide and flow measurements may be evaluated to determine the amount of time it takes carbon dioxide to “wash in,” or reach peak levels within, the lungs of the subject following the change in the subject's effective ventilation. Apparatus for effective such methods are also disclosed.

A rapid charging circuit for charging a power module is disclosed. The power module includes one or more ultracapacitors. The power module is charged using an energy source connected to the power module. The charging circuit includes a control circuit adapted to maintain a constant power level at the power module during charging as the voltage level across the power module increases. The control circuit includes a pulse-width modulator and an inductor connected in series with the power module. The pulse-width modulator can control a charge level of the inductor. The charge level may correspond to a current level which is in accordance with a desired power level at the power module and an instantaneous voltage level across the power module. The inductor may be adapted to limit a current level through the power module to a predetermined peak level. The control circuit may be adapted to provide a current level through the power module greater than a current level from said energy source during at least a portion of a charging period.

A multicarrier signal transmission apparatus able to adjust the balance between the quality of reception and generation of an out-band spurious wave by a simple configuration, comprising a peak detector for detecting a peak part of a transmitted multicarrier signal, a window function generator for generating a window function of an amplitude in accordance with a peak level of a detected peak part, and a peak suppressor for attenuating the peak part in accordance with the value of the generated window function, and a multicarrier signal receiving apparatus, multicarrier signal transmission method, multicarrier signal receiving method, and communication system used with the same.

An excitation AC signal biased by a predetermined DC voltage is applied to a coil to allow a DC voltage component in a coil output signal to contain failure information about disconnection, partial disconnection, or the like of the coil. The DC voltage component contained in the coil output signal is detected, and the detected DC voltage is provided as an offset voltage for a failure diagnosis. Further, to check a peak level of the excitation AC voltage, a DC voltage corresponding to the peak level may be contained in the offset voltage. A differential amplifier circuit for obtaining a difference between a coil detection output AC voltage component and a reference AC voltage component outputs an obtained differential signal offset by the offset voltage. Accordingly, the differential signal containing the offset voltage as the failure information is transmitted to a circuit for torque measurement as a torque detection signal via a single output line. The circuit for torque measurement provides the torque detection data based on the transmitted differential signal and at the same time extracts the offset voltage to use it for the failure diagnosis.

A particle-counting apparatus is described, which reduces a resulting width of pulses when a charge pulse is received from a particle detector, thereby reducing pile-up problems with pulses. Pulse shortening is obtained by resetting the pulse shortly after it exceeds its peak level at the apparatus output. The apparatus includes a charge-sensitive amplifier and a shaper which generates an output for subsequent discrimination circuits. A reset generator monitors the shaper output and generates a reset signal to the shaper when a peak has been detected.

The invention discloses a dynamic traffic demand-oriented intersection operation efficiency change rate calculating method. Average delay time of every vehicle and queuing length are selected at the same time to represent operation efficiency of an intersection traffic flow. With the help of the mapping relation between two indexes of different management and control schemes and the traffic demand, the efficiency index change rule of one traffic demand can be determined, and the comprehensive change rate index having the emphasis on the queuing length at the peak level and the emphasis on the delay time at the flat hump level and the valley level is formed to reflect the intersection operation efficiency change rate before and after the management and control schemes. The influence of the intersection dynamic environment change can be eliminated at the first time, and the limitation of the conventional way of taking the single traffic flow operation efficiency indexes as the assessment basis is broken, and the technical support and the decision basis can be provided for the objective and righteous assessment of the advantages and the disadvantages of the combinations of different intersection management and control schemes.

A particle-counting apparatus is described, which reduces a resulting width of pulses when a charge pulse is received from a particle detector, thereby reducing pile-up problems with pulses. Pulse shortening is obtained by resetting the pulse shortly after it exceeds its peak level at the apparatus output. The apparatus includes a charge-sensitive amplifier and a shaper which generates an output for subsequent discrimination circuits. A reset generator monitors the shaper output and generates a reset signal to the shaper when a peak has been detected.

CMOS integrated circuit devices include an electrically insulating layer and an unstrained silicon active layer on the electrically insulating layer. An insulated gate electrode is also provided on a surface of the unstrained silicon active layer. A Si1-xGex layer is also disposed between the electrically insulating layer and the unstrained silicon active layer. The Si1-xGex layer forms a first junction with the unstrained silicon active layer and has a graded concentration of Ge therein that decreases monotonically in a first direction extending from a peak level towards the surface of the unstrained silicon active layer. The peak Ge concentration level is greater than x=0.15 and the concentration of Ge in the Si1-xGex layer varies from the peak level to a level less than about x=0.1 at the first junction. The concentration of Ge at the first junction may be abrupt. More preferably, the concentration of Ge in the Si1-xGex layer varies from the peak level where 0.2<x<0.4 to a level where x=0 at the first junction. The Si1-xGex layer also has a retrograded arsenic doping profile therein relative to the surface. This retrograded profile may result in the Si1-xGex layer having a greater concentration of first conductivity type dopants therein relative to the concentration of first conductivity type dopants in a channel region within the unstrained silicon active layer. The total amount of dopants in the channel region and underlying Si1-xGex layer can also be carefully controlled to achieve a desired threshold voltage.

An automatic threshold control device for a burst mode optical receiver is disclosed. The receiver includes a converter that converts a burst mode signal into a voltage signal and an automatic gain controller for automatically controlling a gain of the converter, independently generating a reset signal and applying it to the automatic threshold control device. The automatic threshold control device is adapted to detect a voltage level of an output signal from the converter. The device includes a peak detector that detects a peak level of the output signal from the converter in response to the reset signal, a bottom level detector that detects a bottom level of the output signal from the converter in response to the reset signal, a pair of resistors having their one sides connected respectively to the peak detector and bottom level detector and their other sides connected to each other, the resistors generating a reference voltage on the basis of voltages of the peak level and bottom level, and a capacitor for storing the reference voltage.

In a transmitter that suppresses the peak level of a multi-carrier signal produced by synthesizing a plurality of carrier signals, high signal quality is maintained for any transmission signal pattern, for example. In a peak power suppression means shown in the drawings, suppression signal generation means 7 to 18 generate a peak level suppression signal having a level according to levels of respective carrier signals for frequencies of the respective carrier signals contained in the multi-carrier signal. Suppression signal subtraction means 19, 20 subtract, from the multi-carrier signal, the peak level suppression signal generated by the suppression signal generation means 7 to 18.