A high-adaptability multi-phase particle dispersion type fuel element temperature field calculation method mainly comprises the following steps of: 1, establishing and setting a geometric simulation model of a fuel element and multi-phase dispersion particles; 2, importing control flow engineering software into the set geometric simulation model; 3, calculating an element temperature field at the current moment; 4, dividing to obtain element sub-regions; 5, calculating and storing the average temperature of the sub-regions; 6, using numerical simulation software to modify representative particle parameters and calculate a temperature field; 7, storing the heat conductivity of the particles and the base material of each sub-region; 8, calculating equivalent thermal conductivity of an element fuel area by using the theoretical model; 9, correcting the heat conduction parameters of the element; and 10, repeating the steps 3-9 until the end of the moment. According to the high-adaptability calculation method, the relation between the temperature field of the element and the temperature field of the dispersion particle can be established, real-time parameter mutual transmission is achieved, data of the heat conduction performance of the element is updated, and therefore the fuel element temperature field can be evaluated more effectively and accurately.