The invention discloses an installation error identification method based on a rotating shaft integration error measurement value. The method comprises the following steps of step1, taking the intersection point of a workbench rotation C rotation shaft axis and a workbench surface as an original point, and establishing a measured coordinate system; step2, through a measuring instrument, acquiringthe comprehensive error measurement value of the theoretical point and the actual point of the different rotation angles of a point P around a C shaft; step3, extracting the error projection point ofthe comprehensive error measurement value in an XOY measurement coordinate plane, and carrying out plane circle fitting to obtain the displacement error of a C shaft axis; and step4, extracting the error projection points of the comprehensive error measurement value in an XOZ measurement coordinate plane and a YOZ measurement coordinate plane, and carrying out straight line fitting and acquiring the perpendicularity errors of the C shaft, an X shaft and a Y shaft. In the invention, the four installation errors of the rotation shaft of a five-shaft numerical control machine tool can be conveniently, rapidly and accurately acquired, a data reference is provided for the assembling and debugging and the installation error of the rotation shaft of the five-shaft numerical control machine tool,and the method is suitable for all structural types of the five-shaft numerical control machine tools.