The invention relates to a harmonic analysis method based on asynchronous sampling, belonging to the field of signal harmonic detection technique. The method comprises the steps as follows: 1) a plurality of prearranged weight coefficients corresponding to signal frequencies one-to-one are sequentially memorized in a memory; 2) the harmonics are sampled under a constant sampling period; a sampling signal is output to a digital signal processor after A / D conversion; 3) the digital signal processor processes digital signals which are converted by multi-path A / D converters, and according to the frequencies, the positions of the weight coefficients needed to be invoked in the memory are determined; 4) in the digital signal processor, corresponding weight coefficients invoked in the memory is multiplied by the input digital signals, subsequently, FFT processing is carried out; and 5) the FFT-processed result is displayed or printed. The method overcomes the synchronous difference problem of the harmonic analysis, obtains real-time harmonic analysis signals with high precision, and can be applied to the signals in the fields such as machines, power, information, geology, hydrology and the like so as to carry out the harmonic analysis.