The invention relates to a blockchain-based domain name resolution system. The domain name resolution system adopts a hierarchical structure, including a top-level domain name chain network, a second-level domain name chain network, a future network node and an original DNS system network, and the top-level domain name chain links the second-level domain name chain network, the future network nodeand the original DNS system network; the top-level domain name chain network is used for each professional organization to deploy reliable server nodes to form an allied blockchain network, each nodeserver records information about all current top-level domain names, second-level domain name chain nodes, future network nodes, and existing DNS system root nodes; the second-level domain name chainnetwork is used for domain name registration and management, and records a record of all second-level domain names and subdomain names to which they belong; the future network node is used for storing metadata and indexes thereof in the future network. The resolution request is reduced and the efficiency of domain name resolution is effectively improved.