The invention provides an alternating current bus electronic control system of an electric workover rig. The alternating current bus electronic control system comprises an energy storing battery, a bidirectional direct current / direct current (DC / DC) converter, a pulse-width modulation (PWM) grid-tied current converter, a super capacitor, a one-way DC / DC converter, a frequency converter, measuring units, a controller and other loads of the workover rig. A first measuring unit sends a measured parameter signal on a first direct current bus to a controller and performs charge control, discharge control and protection control to the energy storing battery through sampling inspection. A second measuring unit sends a measured parameter signal on a second direct current bus to the controller, distributes energy on the second direct current bus through sampling inspection and performs protection control to a frequency converter. The controller is respectively connected with the DC / DC converter, the PWM grid-tied current converter, the one-way DC / DC converter, the measuring units and the frequency converter and controls operation of parts. By means of the alternating current bus electronic control system, the existing problems including harmonic waves, load power optimal coordination and distribution, energy feedback, impact of the energy storing battery, starting current impact of an electric motor and the like can be solved.