The invention relates to a combine harvester, and particularly relates to a transmission mechanism of a whole-feeding combine harvester threshing system, which belongs to the technical field of combine harvesters. The transmission mechanism comprises an engine, a fan, a transmission case, a roller, a vibrating screen, a first auger, a secondary auger and a straw cutter, wherein the fan on the back end of the engine is driven to rotate by the engine through an engine belt pulley mechanism, a driving shaft and a driven shaft are arranged in the transmission case, a driving bevel gear is connected to the inner end of the driving shaft, a driven bevel gear is arranged on the driven shaft, and the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are engaged. The transmission mechanism has the advantage of simple, compact and reasonable structure, the transmission mechanism is simplified, and the transmission space is saved, so that the structure of the combine harvester is compact, the transmission is rationalized, the weight and size of the combine harvester are effectively reduced, and the production cost is reduced.