The invention discloses a surgical operating instrument. The surgical operating instrument comprises a body, a nail cartridge, a nail anvil and a handle arranged on the body through a pivot, wherein the nail cartridge and the nail anvil are arranged at the far end of the body, the nail cartridge comprises a nail cartridge body, and the nail cartridge body comprises a knife slot, suturing nail placing holes and pocket nail placing holes. Nail pushing pieces and suturing nails which are in butt joint are arranged in the suturing nail placing holes. Nail pushing pieces and suturing nails which are in butt joint are arranged in the pocket nail placing holes. A line accommodating groove is further formed in the nail cartridge face and communicated with at least one part of pocket nail placing holes to form a certain angle, and a pocket line is arranged in the line accommodating groove and located between two nail feet of at least one part of pocket nails. The surgical operating instrument has the advantages that the surgical operating instrument is suitable for a low rectal cancer resection, can effectively and completely excise left diseased tissue ends and greatly reduces the occurrence possibility of medical negligence.