The invention discloses a fertilizer and water integrated high-yield cultivation method for early-spring watermelons and autumn delayed chilies in a greenhouse. The cultivation method specifically comprises the steps of preparation of seedling beds for watermelons and chilies, seed soaking and germination acceleration, sowing, land preparation and bed making, field transplanting, a seeding recovery stage, a flowering and fruit bearing stage, a maturation stage and a harvesting stage. According to the fertilizer and water integrated high-yield cultivation method for early-spring watermelons and autumn delayed chilies in the greenhouse, the temperature, the humidity and the fertilizer and water amount are strictly controlled according to the growth features of watermelons and chilies, watermelons and chilies grow vigorously, the mu yield of watermelons ranges from 3500 kg to 4000 kg, the mu yield of chilies ranges from 2900 kg to 3100 kg, and watermelons and chilies are uniform in size, bright in color, pure in taste and rich in nutrition; chilies are planted after watermelons are harvested, and alternation planting is achieved; watermelon vines are smashed and then scattered into soil, soil fertility is ensured, and pathogen microorganisms are suppressed; a fertilizer and water integrated pipe network conforms to the planting density of watermelons and chilies and only needs to be arranged one time, materials are saved, the utilization rate is increased, the production cost is reduced, and the economic income is increased.