The invention discloses a public bicycle internet of things system, comprising a perception layer, a centralized control layer, a data processing layer, a system service layer and a system management layer. The perception layer is used for acquiring public bicycle equipment and citizen bicycle lease IC card information; the centralized control layer finishes the network building, the information receiving and transmitting of the perception layer, and the data conversion processing of the information; the data processing layer is used for carrying out creating, management, data classification and processing on a system database; the system service layer is used for processing all application operations related to users of a public bicycle system; and the system management layer is used for processing all operations related to management personnel and system maintenance personnel of the public bicycle system. According to the public bicycle internet of things system, the system scale can be configured dynamically, a distributed processing strategy is adopted for system data processing, a bicycle parking locking column and a bicycle branch management box have independent offline processing capability, so that the communication pressure on a system background is greatly reduced, and the system reliability, extensibility, applicability and fault-tolerant ability are greatly improved.