The invention discloses an electro-osmotic consolidation test device and method for consolidating a soft clay foundation. The device comprises an external visual main body, measuring electrodes used for measuring the voltage and the current of a clay body and potential measuring needles are arranged in the external visual main body, the bottom of the external visual main body is provided with a drainage channel, and a real-time image collecting system is arranged outside the external visual main body; power is supplied to the measuring electrodes by a power supply, and a voltmeter and an ammeter are connected to a loop connected with the measuring electrodes. According to the device and the method, omnidirectional comprehensive measuring is conducted on the conductivity, the clay pressure, the settlement volume, the displacement, the voltage and the current, data is automatically processed with the help of a computer, the electro-osmotic effects under the different factors are visually compared, and compared with a previous device, the device has more practicability and comprehensiveness.