The invention discloses a segmental box beam short line matching control and prefabrication construction method. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, a beam field is divided into functional areas; secondly, end beams are manufactured in a beam manufacturing area; thirdly, a cast-in-place beam formwork is installed; fourthly, a tied steel reinforcement framework is put in, and theposition is controlled and checked; fifthly, concrete is poured into the cast-in-place beam formwork; sixthly, cast-in-place beams serve as matching beams to be prefabricated circularly, until pouring of adopted beam bodies is completed; and seventhly, the completed beam bodies are placed in a beam storing area to be maintained. According to the method, the beam field is divided into the functional areas, site construction flows can be organized effectively, and construction efficiency is ensured. By means of joint arrangement of a table base beam manufacturing system, a measuring control system and a supporting and adjusting platform, installing can be achieved, the position can be adjusted precisely, and real-time control can also be achieved. By means of design of a shear force key, line type butt joint of the later period can be ensured. By arranging different spraying facilities, maintaining of the later period can be carried out effectively.