The invention provides an optical path structure of a spatial heterodyne Raman imaging spectrometer. The optical path structure mainly comprises a collimating lens, a focusing lens, a first Raman light filter, a beam splitting prism, two wedged prisms, two blazed gratings, a second Raman light filter, an aspherical lens, an imaging lens set, an area array detector, an object stage, a beam expanderand a laser. Raman light emitted by a sample is focused on the blazed gratings on two arms of an interferometer after passing through the collimating lens, the focusing lens and the first Raman lightfilter, then combined again by the beam splitting prism to obtain spatial heterodyne Raman interference light, and finally received by the area array detector after passing through the second Raman light filter, the aspherical lens and the imaging lens set. Through adoption of the aspherical lens, the acquisition speed of each frame of the heterodyne Raman interference light acquired by the areaarray detector is effectively increased; through the optical path structure, rapid measurement of a Raman spectrum at each position on the surface of the sample to be detected is achieved; meanwhile,the optical path structure has the advantages of high resolution, large light flux, a wide measured waveband range and the like.