64results about How to "Minimize voltage" patented technology

Disclosed is an electrostatic discharge device, typically referred to as a power clamping circuit, for minimizing the effects of an initial ESD event as well as providing protection against subsequent ESD events. The power clamp is left fully turned on during and after an ESD event. Subsequent ESD events are those ESD events occurring shortly after an initial ESD event. By using a blocking device such as a diode, the power clamping circuit is maintained in a strong “on” state that fully discharges the initial ESD event and allows for a more rapid response to subsequent ESD events.

A flip-chip LED fabrication method includes the steps of (a) providing a GaN epitaxial wafer, (b) forming a first groove in the GaN epitaxial layer, (c) forming a second groove in the GaN epitaxial layer to expose a part of the N-type GaN ohmic contact layer of the GaN epitaxial layer, (d) forming a translucent conducting layer on the epitaxial layer, (e) forming a P-type electrode pad and an N-type electrode pad on the translucent conducting layer, (f) forming a first isolation protection layer on the P-type electrode pad, the N-type electrode pad, the first groove and the second groove, (g) forming a metallic reflection layer on the first isolation protection layer, (h) forming a second isolation protection layer on the first isolation protection layer and the metallic reflection layer, (i) forming a third groove to expose one lateral side of the N-type electrode pad, (j) separating the processed GaN epitaxial wafer into individual GaN LED chips, and (k) bonding at least one individual GaN LED chip thus obtained to a thermal substrate with a conducting material.

Disclosed is a family of new DC / DC converters and a new control method. The converter comprises two bridge inverters, two full-wave rectification circuits and a current-doubler filter. Each inverter is able to generate a symmetrical and isolated AC output voltage. Phase-shift control is employed to control the phase difference between the two bridge inverters. By shifting the phase, the converter changes the two inverters' output voltage overlapping area to regulate its output voltage. The bridge inverters always operate at 50% duty cycle, like an open loop Bus Converter, to achieve wide-range zero voltage switching and eliminate circulating current for normal operation. For low output voltage regulation and soft start, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control is used. The converters and the control method improve power conversion efficiency, maximize magnetic component utilization, reduce semiconductor stress and decrease EMI emission.

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and apparatus for reducing a DC bias on a substrate surface in a plasma processing chamber due to cross coupling of RF power to an electrode coupled to the substrate. This is brought about via tuning of a resonant circuit coupled between the substrate and ground based on indirect measurements of harmonics of the RF field level at a surface of the substrate. The resulting reduction in DC bias allows a lower ion energy than possible without this resonant circuit and tuning thereof.

A driver circuit for driving loads such as LED, OLED or LASER diode devices includes a switching converter that has a switching element and reactive elements to provide an output switching voltage by sequential switching operations of the switching element. The load is connected to the output switching voltage. A linear current driver circuit is connected in series to the load and includes an amplification element and a feedback circuit with a current control input. In order to enable the circuit to be easily used, a control unit is provided with a sensing input for a current or voltage at the linear current driver. A microcontroller executes a control program for processing the sensing input and providing both a current control output and a switching control output, set in accordance with a set current value.

A current-mode direct conversion RF receiver is presented. In one set of embodiments the RF receiver comprises a simple transconductor input stage to create a current-mode modulated signal from a voltage-mode modulated signal. A downconversion mixer may be coupled to the transconductor input stage via a low impedance current cascode stage, and may operate to create a set of current-mode quadrature baseband signals from the current-mode modulated signal. The downconversion mixer may be implemented with a transistor-switching network, which may be driven by a phase locked loop (PLL) with quadrature outputs. The set of current-mode quadrature baseband signals may be converted back to the voltage domain by a transimpedance filter, which may perform channel selection for the receiver. The transimpedance filter may additionally include a low frequency zero to remove DC offsets. The receiver may be implemented using CMOS design technologies and operated with minimal self-mixing effects, minimal DC offset in the baseband signal, and utilizing low voltages.

The present invention provides a high-voltage tolerant input buffer circuit including a first NMOS transistor having its source terminal connected to the input pin, its gate terminal connected to a first reference voltage and its drain terminal connected to a first output terminal; a second NMOS transistor having its gate terminal connected to said first reference voltage and its source terminal connected to said first output terminal; a first PMOS transistor having its gate terminal connected to the drain terminal of said second NMOS transistor, its drain terminal connected to a second reference voltage lower than said first reference voltage and its source terminal connected to a second output terminal; a second PMOS transistor having its drain terminal connected to the drain terminal of said second NMOS transistor, its source terminal connected to said second output terminal, and its gate terminal connected to a control voltage; and a third PMOS transistor having its drain terminal connected to said second output terminal, its source terminal connected to a supply voltage, and its gate terminal connected to said control voltage.

A circuit for minimizing voltage inrush upon startup in a switching power converter having a switching stage including high and low switches connected at a common node, a feedback loop for maintaining a target output voltage, an output capacitor connected between an output node and the ground, an inductor connected between the common node and the output node, and a control circuit having a first error amplifier for providing a first signal based on a comparison of a reference voltage and voltage provided by the feedback loop, the control circuit including a level switch connected between the ground and the common node, the level switch being controlled in accordance with the first signal, wherein a large inrush current flowing into the output capacitor when the circuit is starting up is minimized.

A plasma processing apparatus includes a vacuum vessel, first, second and third power supplies first, second and third RF voltages, a first electrode disposed within the vacuum vessel, a second electrode disposed within the vacuum vessel, and a phase control unit for controlling the phase difference of the second and third RF voltages, wherein the second and third RF voltages are of the same frequency. The apparatus further comprises a first phase detector for detecting the phase of the third RF voltage supplied to the first electrode and a second phase detector for detecting the phase of the second RF voltage of the second electrode, a voltage detector, and a phase difference computer which computes a phase difference between the second and third RF voltages based upon an output of the voltage detector.

A method of manufacturing a charge roller utilizes a foam rubber substance where epichlorohydrin oxide rubber and an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber are mixed at a ratio of 5:95, or utilizing a crosslinking rubber substance consisting of epichlorohydrin oxide rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber having a polar low molecular polymeric characteristic, thus allowing the charge roller to maintain a low volume resistivity of 107 Ωcm to 108 Ωcm. As a result, the surface of a photosensitive drum can be charged by a minimum charging voltage, to thereby significantly reduce an amount of ozone. A method of manufacturing a charge roller employs peroxide as a cross linking agent for rapidly cross-linking molecular chains between an epichlorohydrin oxide rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber forming a main composition of a foam rubber substance.Since a non-crosslinked low molecular polymeric substance existing at a resilient rubber is significantly reduced, the low molecular polymeric substance of the charge roller may not be migrated onto a surface of the photosensitive drum even if the charge roller is in contact with a photosensitive drum for a long time period during a stoppage of operation of an image forming apparatus, As a result, the charge roller may not cause an abnormal phenomenon on the surface of the photosensitive drum.

A method for controlling a plasma processing apparatus which includes a vacuum vessel, a first, second and third RF power supply, a first and second electrode, and a phase control unit for controlling a phase difference between a second RF voltage from the second RF power supply and a third RF voltage from the third RF power supply. The controlling method includes the steps of supplying a predetermined power from the first RF power supply to ignite plasma, after confirming ignition of plasma, supplying a predetermined power respectively from the second RF power supply and the third RF power supply, and when starting power supply from the second RF power supply and the third RF power supply, fixing the phase to a predetermined phase angle using a preset mode without carrying out phase control, and after a matching operation has stabilized, starting the phase control.