51results about How to "Minimize transmission loss" patented technology

A system and method for user equipment (UE) measurement timing in a relay cell are provided. A method for controller operations includes broadcasting a first pattern of time intervals to communications devices served by a controller, and for a communication device served by the controller, determining a second pattern for the communications device, where the second pattern is based on the first pattern, and transmitting the second pattern to the communications device.

An X-ray device having an X-ray source, a high voltage generator supplying power to the X-ray tube and an inverter to generate, at the output end, an AC input voltage for the high voltage generator is disclosed. Provision is made therein for a resonance network to be formed between the inverter and the high voltage generator. This allows transmission of the AC input voltage with low power dissipation and low radiation levels. It also achieves spatial separation of the inverter from the high voltage generator and the X-ray source.

The invention is directed to an arrangement for generating intensive radiation based on a plasma, particularly short-wavelength radiation from soft x-ray radiation to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation. The object of the invention is to find a novel possibility for generating radiation generated from plasma in which the individual pulse energy coupled into the plasma and, therefore, the usable radiation output are appreciably increased while retaining the advantages of mass-limited targets. According to the invention, this object is met in that the target generator has a multiple-channel nozzle with a plurality of separate orifices, wherein the orifices generate a plurality of target jets, the excitation radiation for generating plasma being directed simultaneously portion by portion to the target jets.

A geometrically shaped optical waveguide crossing with minimal transmission loss is described. A symmetrically tapered waveguide intersection is used to minimize loss in the intersecting region where at least two optical waveguides cross one another. The present invention embodies a waveguide crossing that includes tapering the width of the waveguides as they approach the intersecting region, forcing the field of light to contract, reducing asymmetric field distortions, and thus reducing transmission loss and effectively minimizig crosstalk. This is accomplished by focusing light through a perpendicular or near perpendicular intersection by simple linear tapering rather than by the use of a lens or other previously used devices.

The invention provides a surface-treated copper foil which can sufficiently ensure adhesive strength with a low-dielectric substrate used in forming a printed wiring board for high-frequency applications and can minimize transmission losses. There is provided a surface-treated copper foil for a low-dielectric substrate which is used in bonded relationship to a low-dielectric substrate, which is characterized in that a nodular-treated layer constituted by bump-like copper particles is formed on a surface of the copper foil and that ultrafine copper particles are caused to precipitate on the whole surface of the nodular-treated layer and adhere thereto and the roughness value Rz of the surface is 1.0 to 6.5 μm. The surface color of the surface-treated copper foil has L* of not more than 50, a* of not more than 20 and b* of not more than 15. A passivated layer containing at least one kind selected from the group consisting of zinc and nickel is provided on surfaces of the ultrafine copper particles which are caused to precipitate on the whole of the surfaces of the bump-like copper particles of the nodular-treated layer and adhere thereto.

A multi-wavelength laser apparatus and methods for laser ablation of tissue are described. The apparatus and methods utilize a laser source emitting at two or more wavelengths coupled to a fiberoptic laser delivery device and a laser driver and control system with features for protection of the laser delivery device, the patient, the operator and other components of the laser treatment system. A fiber tip protection system limits damage to the fiberoptic laser delivery device, thereby allowing the multi-wavelength laser to be operated in a tissue contact mode. The invention, which has broad medical and industrial applications, is described in relation to a method for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by contact laser ablation of the prostate (C-LAP) using a technique of touch and pullback laser ablation of the prostate (TapLAP).

Tunable down-hole stimulation systems feature closed-loop control of pumps and tunable down-hole stimulators. Stimulators generate and hydraulically transmit broad vibration spectra tuned for resonance excitation and fracturing of geologic materials adjacent to the wellbore. Feedback data for controlling stimulation includes backscatter vibration originating in stimulated geologic material and detected at the stimulator(s). For initial fracturing with relatively large particle sizes, the power spectral density (PSD) of each stimulator output is down-shifted toward the lower resonant frequencies of large particles. As fracturing proceeds to smaller (proppant-sized) fragments having higher resonant frequencies, backscatter vibration guides progressive up-shifting of stimulator PSD to higher vibration frequencies. Stimulator power requirements are minimized by concentrating vibration energy efficiently in frequency bands to which geologic materials are most sensitive at every stage of stimulation. Geologic fragmentation efficiency is thus optimized, with inherent potential for plain-water fracs completed with self-generated proppant.

A lithographic projection apparatus includes a radiation system constructed and arranged to supply a projection beam of radiation, a support structure constructed and arranged to support a patterning structure, the patterning structure constructed and arranged to pattern the projection beam according to a desired pattern, a substrate support constructed and arranged to support a substrate, and a projection system constructed and arranged to project the patterned beam onto a target portion of the substrate. The apparatus further includes a gas flushing system comprising radial gas flow outlets, said gas flushing system being constructed and arranged to generate a radial gas flow through said radial gas flow outlets in an intermediate space defined between said gas flushing system and said substrate, wherein the radial gas flow has a radial velocity directed outwards in said space with a magnitude larger than zero at every location in said space.

An ensemble including a pipe for transporting substances which can flow, the pipe having a structure forming a coaxial transmission line including: a first tubular layer of electrically conductive material; a second tubular layer of electrically conductive material; and at least one first layer of dielectric material mounted in-between the first and the second layers of electrically conductive material, such that: the first layer of electrically conductive material forms an outer conductor of a section of the coaxial transmission line; the second layer of electrically conductive material forms an inner conductor of the section of the coaxial transmission line, and further including an electromagnetic coupler coupling the coaxial transmission line with a complementary coaxial transmission line carried by a pipe complementary to the pipe.

An underwater substation pod (USP) adapted to collect and process the electrical outputs of an array of offshore power generating devices includes a voltage boosting transformer for combining and transmitting with increased efficiency an amplified version of the collected electrical outputs to an on shore facility. Combining the outputs and transmitting at a higher voltage reduces transmission losses and the number of cables required to transmit the electrical outputs. The USP is mounted on the seabed but operated at atmospheric pressure to accommodate standard components. The pod may be designed to include remotely controlled operation and to have a long service life since few, if any, moving parts are used. Also, the equipment may be designed to have a high degree of redundancy to provide greater reliability.

Apparatus and methods are described for laser ablation of tissue. The apparatus and methods utilize a laser source coupled to a fiberoptic laser delivery device and a laser driver and control system with features for protection of the laser delivery device, the patient, the operator and other components of the laser treatment system. Advantageously, the laser source may utilize laser diodes operating at approximately 975 nm, 1470 nm, 1535 nm or 1870 nm wavelengths with a laser power output of at least 60 watts, preferably greater than 80 watts and most preferably 120-150 watts or higher. The invention, which has broad medical and industrial applications, is described in relation to a method for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by contact laser ablation of the prostate (C-LAP).

A flexure has a substrate made of a thin conductive metal plate, a base insulating layer made of flexible resin formed on the substrate, wiring patterns formed on the base insulating layer and connected to a slider mount, and a cover insulating layer formed over the wiring patterns. The flexure is substantially coated with a conductive polymer layer having a thickness in the range of 18 to 130 nm. The flexure prevents electrostatic accumulation and ion migration.

A flat transmission wire is provided which includes a first insulating or dielectric film, a transmission layer formed on at least one surface of the first insulating or dielectric film so as to transmit electrical signals therethrough, a second insulating or dielectric film formed on one surface of the transmission layer, and a functional layer formed on one surface of the second insulating or dielectric film. Further provided are methods for fabricating flat transmission wires which enable the formation of uniform and fine transmission line patterns, and are environmental friendly, as compared to deposition-based methods.

In an optical fiber network for transmitting optical signals in a robot having three or more joints connecting a plurality of links in series such that the links include two end links located at either end and intermediate links provided between the two end links, and the links connected by the joints are moveable relative to each other, a plurality of optical transceiver modules are provided on the links such that at least one optical transceiver module is provided on each link; and a plurality of optical fiber cables connect the optical transceiver modules in a ring; wherein at least one end of each optical fiber cable connecting the optical transceiver modules provided on different links is connected to one of the optical transceiver modules provided on the intermediate links.

A function unit having easy exchangeability in a dual wiring system is provided. The function unit is detachably connected to a gate device mounted in a wall surface of a structure, and connected to both of an electric power line and an information line previously installed in the structure. The function unit has at least one of functions for supplying electric power from the electric power line, outputting information from the information line and inputting information into the information line when connected with the gate device. The function unit has a module connector, which is configured to simultaneously establish both of supplying the electric power from the gate device to the function unit, and making a signal transmission between the gate device unit and the function unit when connected to a module port formed at the gate device. To improve function expandability, an additional function unit may be detachably connected to the function unit.

A circuit board is provided in which a transmission loss is reduced. The circuit board includes a first layer; a transmission line disposed on the first layer; and a second layer stacked with the first layer. The second layer includes a first region, which is constructed of a first material, corresponding to a position of the transmission line, and a second region, which is constructed of a second material having a permittivity that is different from that of the first material, corresponding to the position of the transmission line.

The present disclosure provides a high-frequency circuit including a matching circuit capable of adjusting the input / output impedance of a high-frequency device to an optimal value, even if the high-frequency device includes a circuit element whose input / output impedance varies upon the variation in the operating frequency, and provides a transmission and reception circuit including the high-frequency circuit. The high-frequency circuit includes a first high-frequency device, a second high-frequency device electrically connected to the first high-frequency device, and a matching circuit connected between the first high-frequency device 1 and the second high-frequency device. At least one of the first high-frequency device 1 and the second high-frequency device includes a variable device and has a changeable operating frequency. The matching circuit includes at least one variable device capable of performing impedance matching in accordance with operating frequencies of the first high-frequency device and the second high-frequency device.

A quick connect fiber optic connector assembly for testing and communication that uses a modified ferrule having a reservoir formed into its tip for holding optic transmitting gel or oil. A cleaved optical fiber may be held concentrically within the ferrule for alignment with a receiver or optical device. The gel or oil in the reservoir alleviates the need for a perfect cleave of the fiber and allows for transmission of the optic signal. If necessary, the pressure foot of the connector assembly may be rotated to minimize transmission losses. When the transmission signal is optimized, the fiber may be tested or used for communications. In another embodiment of the invention, a connector assembly includes a removable cartridge housing optical coupling compound. As a bare fiber is passed into the connector it picks up a small quantity of coupling compound and is then interconnected to an optical patch cable.

The invention concerns a reflector and a satellite antenna system comprising such a reflector. In the satellite antenna system, microwave radiation from one or more feed horns (5) is emitted at the reflector (1), which comprises first and second reflector elements (2, 3). Upon reflection of the radiation from the reflector elements (2, 3), a distinct beam shape for the reflected microwave energy is generated. The reflector elements (2, 3) are disposed at a fixed distance from one another so that radiation that passes the first reflector element (2) strikes the second element. The first reflector element (2) comprises a lattice structure aimed toward the feed horn, which lattice structure consists of plates (8) of electrically conductive material, wherein the distance between the plates and the depth of said plates are adapted for reflection of polarization parallel to the plates. The invention is characterized in that the extent of each respective plate toward the second reflector element is chosen so that the transmission losses in the first reflector element are minimized.

A hollow-core fiber with a single layer of robust anti-resonant optical arches is disclosed, which is designed and made of infrared soft glass and allows the transmission of mid- to long-infrared wavelengths (1-15 microns). Each curved arch is solidly attached at two locations on the outer solid region surface and together the arches define the core diameter. The thickness and spacing between the arches are selected to minimize the fiber transmission loss <1 dB / m at wavelengths in the mid- to long-infrared where the infrared soft glass has high absorption >30 dB / m. A hollow-core preform with anti-resonant arches is made by extrusion of infrared soft glasses through a die specifically designed to produce the hollow-core fiber with anti-resonant arches.

The invention concerns a reflector and a satellite antenna system comprising such a reflector. In the satellite antenna system, microwave radiation from one or more feed horns (5) is emitted at the reflector (1), which comprises first and second reflector elements (2, 3). Upon reflection of the radiation from the reflector elements (2, 3), a distinct beam shape for the reflected microwave energy is generated. The reflector elements (2, 3) are disposed at a fixed distance from one another so that radiation that passes the first reflector element (2) strikes the second element. The first reflector element (2) comprises a lattice structure aimed toward feed horn, which lattice structure consists of plates (8) of electrically conductive material, wherein the distance between the plates and the depth of said plates are adapted for reflection of polarization parallel to the plates. The invention is characterized in that the extent of each respective plate toward the second reflector element is chosen so that the transmission losses in the first reflector element are minimized.

The present invention discloses an adapter connection structure, which comprises a first converter and a second converter. The first converter is connected to at least one input terminal to receive an input power and converts the input power into a transitional power. The second converter is connected to the first converter via a transit cable to transmit the transitional power, converts the transitional power into a DC output power and outputs the DC output power via a DC power cable. As the transitional power transmitted from the first converter to the second converter is in form of a high-voltage and high-frequency AC power or a high-voltage DC power, the power transmission loss in the transit cable is reduced. Therefore, the present invention not only can reduce transmission loss but also can adopt a less expensive cable. Thus is reduced the total cost of buying and using the adapter.

A geometrically shaped optical waveguide crossing or intersection with minimal transmission loss is described. A symmetrically tapered waveguide intersection is used to minimize loss in the intersecting region where at least two optical waveguides cross one another at 90° or nearly 90°. The present invention embodies a waveguide crossing that includes tapering the width of the waveguides as they approach the intersecting region, forcing the propagating light to contract, thereby reducing asymmetric field distortions, and thus reducing transmission loss and effectively minimizing crosstalk. This is accomplished by focusing the propagating light through a perpendicular or near perpendicular in at least two waveguide intersection by simple linear tapering rather than by the use of a lens or other previously used devices.

A heat generator comprises a fluid input and fluid output, an electrically conducting disc mounted on a shaft, a plurality of magnets with their N-S axis aligned parallel to the plane of the first disc are mounted either side of the disc, a plurality of runner vanes upstanding from the disc and forming a plurality of widening fluid paths towards the magnets and allow fluid to flow over a vane free portion of the disc to exit the heat generator though the output. Drive systems are described in which high pressure fluid from a hydraulic motor connected to a turbine or Archimedean screw is used to drive the disc.

Apparatus and methods are described for laser ablation of tissue. The apparatus and methods utilize a laser source coupled to a fiberoptic laser delivery device and a laser driver and control system with features for protection of the laser delivery device, the patient, the operator and other components of the laser treatment system. Advantageously, the laser source may utilize laser diodes operating at approximately 975 nm, 1470 nm, 1535 nm or 1870 nm wavelengths with a laser power output of at least 60 watts, preferably greater than 80 watts and most preferably 120-150 watts or higher. The invention, which has broad medical and industrial applications, is described in relation to a method for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by contact laser ablation of the prostate (C-LAP).

A system and method for user equipment (UE) measurement timing in a relay cell are provided. A method for controller operations includes broadcasting a first pattern of time intervals to communications devices served by a controller, and for a communication device served by the controller, determining a second pattern for the communications device, where the second pattern is based on the first pattern, and transmitting the second pattern to the communications device.

A hollow-core fiber with a single layer of robust anti-resonant optical arches is disclosed, which is designed and made of infrared soft glass and allows the transmission of mid- to long-infrared wavelengths (1-15 microns). Each curved arch is solidly attached at two locations on the outer solid region surface and together the arches define the core diameter. The thickness and spacing between the arches are selected to minimize the fiber transmission loss <1 dB / m at wavelengths in the mid- to long-infrared where the infrared soft glass has high absorption >30 dB / m. A hollow-core preform with anti-resonant arches is made by extrusion of infrared soft glasses through a die specifically designed to produce the hollow-core fiber with anti-resonant arches.

Apparatus and methods are described for laser ablation of tissue. The apparatus and methods utilize a laser source coupled to a fiberoptic laser delivery device and a laser driver and control system with features for protection of the laser delivery device, the patient, the operator and other components of the laser treatment system. Advantageously, the laser source may utilize laser diodes operating at approximately 975 nm, 1470 nm, 1535 nm or 1870 nm wavelengths with a laser power output of at least 60 watts, preferably greater than 80 watts and most preferably 120-150 watts or higher. The invention, which has broad medical and industrial applications, is described in relation to a method for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by contact laser ablation of the prostate (C-LAP).