The invention discloses a safe mobile PCR laboratory system for epidemic prevention. The system comprises a movable compartment arranged on a vehicle chassis, the compartment comprises an amplification area, an isolation area and a preparation area, an isolation door is arranged between the amplification area and the isolation area, a second isolation door is arranged between the isolation area and the preparation area, ventilation systems are arranged on the amplification area, the isolation area and the preparation area respectively, the ventilation systems control the pressure difference and air exhaust in the areas, and the bottom of the compartment is provided with an underframe connected with the vehicle chassis. Nucleic acid detection can be rapidly carried out by rapidly moving a PCR laboratory through a vehicle as a carrier; the structure is reasonable and compact, PCR test conditions are met, a PCR amplification operation table is carried, an amplification operation table comprises an isolation fuming cupboard, and the test anti-interference performance is enhanced; and the system carries the ventilation systems, and the amplification area, the isolation area and the preparation area are planned, so that the sample pollution probability is reduced, the environmental stability in the PCR laboratory is improved, and conditions required by detection in the mobile PCR laboratory are met.