The invention relates to a culture method for directly obtaining a plant by a pepper anther and a culture medium, and belongs to the field of plant cell engineering. The culture method comprises the steps: (1), selecting a flower bud with microspores in a mid-late uninucleate stage; (2), soaking the flower bud by alcohol with the concentration being 70 percent for 0.5-1min and mercuric chloride with the concentration being1.2 percent for 8-15min, washing for 3-5 times by using sterile water, sucking water to be dry by using sterile filter paper to obtain a sterile anther in the mid-late uninucleate stage; (3), floating the sterile anther in the mid-late uninucleate stage in the liquid culture medium, carrying out dark shake culture for 20-25 days, and then carrying out illumination shake culture; (4), after carrying out illumination shake culture for 10-20 days, transferring a formed cytoledon-stage embryo to an MSO solid culture medium for being cultured, and growing into a normal plant. The culture method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that (1), the induction frequency of a normal embryo is greatly increased, the regeneration frequency of the normal plant is remarkably increased; (2), the operation process is simple, and the plant can be directly obtained from microspores freely dispersing in the liquid culture medium; (3), the culture method is suitable for multiple types of peppers such as cow-horn peppers, capsicum, line peppers and sweetbell redpeppers.