The invention discloses an alternative biochemical pond which comprises a middle pond, a side pond I, a side pond II and an anaerobic pond, wherein, the side pond I, the middle pond and the side pond II are symmetrically provided with two sets of water collecting and distributing device which comprises a central water collecting and distributing drum, a stabilizing feed well and a water collecting and distributing pipe. A sewage treatment method comprises the following steps that: S1, the side pond I carries out anoxic or aerobic treatment, the middle pond carries out aerobic treatment, and the side pond II carries out vertical flow sedimentation; and S2, the side pond II carries out anoxic or aerobic treatment, the middle pond carries out aerobic treatment, and the side pond I carries out vertical flow sedimentation. A sewage treatment system comprises the alternative biochemical pond and further comprises a grating drain, a sand basin, a sludge dehydration device and a contact disinfection pool. According to the invention, the phenomena of appearance of a dead zone and instable discharging of water in a biochemical pond are avoided, water conditions are improved, energy consumption in sewage treatment and maintenance cost for a sewage treatment plant are reduced, a utilization rate of capacity of the biochemical pond is improved, and cost for sewage treatment is reduced.