The invention discloses a high-speed large-view-field multi-spectral photoacoustic scanning imaging method and device. According to the scanning imaging method, a one-dimension scanning galvanometer and an F-theta lens set are utilized for gathering the collimated pulse laser into linear light spots to activate an organized body to generate light-induced ultrasonic signals, and after a sound reflector arranged in the lateral direction reflects photoacoustic signals, a non-focus ultrasonic transducer is used for receiving externally transmitted ultrasonic signals. According to the system, only a one-dimension scanner is needed for scanning, an algorithm is not needed, and a two-dimension photoacoustic absorbing distribution graph can be obtained at a high speed. The scanning imaging device comprises a photoacoustic light source generating activating module, an ultrasonic coupling module and a photoacoustic signal collecting and device scanning synchronous control module. According to the scanning imaging method, only a one-dimension optical scanning mode is adopted, the difficulty of scanning control is lowered, the imaging time is shortened, and large-view-field and high-definition two-dimension tomography is achieved. The scanning imaging device is simple, low in cost, portable, easy to popularize and capable of performing clinical monitoring.