The invention provides a dust removal device of a filament wrapping machine, and belongs to the technical field of dust removal devices. The problem is solved that in the prior art, time and labor arewasted when waste fibers on the two sides of the filament wrapping machine are cleared off. According to the dust removal device of the filament wrapping machine, the filament wrapping machine comprises a machine frame, the dust removal device comprises a dust removal box and a rail, the rail is horizontally fixed to the top of the machine frame, the dust removal box is slidingly arranged on therail, a driving mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the dust removal box and can drive the dust removal box to move back and forth on the rail, a dust outlet is formed in the front side of the dustremoval box, an air outlet is formed in the rear side of the dust removal box, air inlets are formed in the two ends of the dust removal box respectively and connected with dust sucking pipeline assemblies respectively, the air inlet ends of dust sucking pipelines are vertically downward, a distance is formed between the air inlet ends of the dust sucking pipelines and the ground, and a driving motor is arranged inside the dust removal box and connected with a fan. The dust removal device has the advantage of automatically clearing off the waste fibers.