The invention discloses a tangential-longitudinal axial type grain combine harvesting and bundling duplex operation machine which comprises a grain cutting and conveying system, a seed threshing and separating system, a seed cleaning device, a seed collecting and storing system, a straw compressing and bundling device, a chassis walking system and a driving operation system. When the duplex operation machine harvests grain in the field, firstly, the grain cutting and conveying system cuts stalks of grain and conveys the grain to the seed threshing and separating system, straws where seed threshing and separating are conducted are compressed and bundled through the straw compressing and bundling device, seeds obtained through threshing are cleaned through the seed cleaning device, and seeds obtained through cleaning are conveyed to a grain tank through the seed collecting and storing system. The duplex operation machine can meet the requirements for harvesting seeds of rice and wheat and compressing and bundling threshed straws, and has the advantages of being high in work efficiency, stable in work performance, simple in work procedure and capable of saving time and labor.