The invention discloses a deep-sea mineral resource development system, which includes an underwater mineral collection subsystem, a mineral transfer subsystem, a water surface support subsystem, an underwater control subsystem and a supporting support subsystem. The underwater mineral collection subsystem includes a mining submersible group; the mineral transfer subsystem includes the lifting submersible; the underwater control subsystem includes the deep submersible, and the deep submersible is equipped with a nuclear power plant; the supporting support subsystem includes the maintenance support submersible and the communication, navigation and positioning device; They are respectively connected with the mining submersible group and the maintenance support submersible, and the deep submersible provides energy and control signals for the mining submersible group and the maintenance support submersible. The sub-system under water of the present invention does not need to be provided with energy by the sub-system on the water, if run into bad weather at sea such as strong wind and waves during work, the sub-system on the water can be moved to other places to avoid wind and waves, and the sub-system under the water The subsystem can continue to work normally, the operation requirements are not high, and it is not sensitive to sea wind and waves.