The invention relates to a measuring device and a measuring method of a microscale tirosional angle and torque. The measuring device comprises a detection mechanism, a controller and an upper computer, wherein the controller is respectively connected with the detection mechanism and the upper computer, the detection mechanism comprises a base, a stand column and a single-freedom-degree support frame, the stand column is arranged on the upper surface of the base, the upper portion of the stand column is provided with the single-freedom-degree support frame capable of moving up and down in the vertical direction in a penetrated mode, a sensor lower shell body is connected with the upper portion of the single-freedom-degree support frame in a clamped mode, a sensor upper shell body and a sensor are respectively connected with the upper portion of the sensor lower shell body, an upper chuck is arranged at the top end of the upper shell body, a torsion wire is connected with the lower end of the upper chuck, the lower end of the torsion wire is fixedly connected with a mandrel through a lower chuck, the sensor is installed on the outer portion of the mandrel in a sleeved mode, and a measuring head is connected with the lower end of the mandrel. The measuring device and the measuring method have the advantages that the structure is simple, design is reasonable, the resolution ratio is high, a harsh industrial application environment is met, repeatability is good, shock-resistant performance is good, installation and maintenance are convenient, and a detection method is reliable and simple in operation.