The invention discloses a humanoid cervical vertebra system based on a pneumatic muscle. The pneumatic muscle is used for simulating a muscle of a cervical vertebra of a human body so as to drive a neck and a head to move. The system comprises multiple ribs, multiple vertebras, a skull, multiple musculus longus colli, musculus longus capitis, splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, a rectus capitis posterior major muscle, an inferior oblique muscle, a rectus capitis posterior minor muscle, a rotator muscle, a neck multifidus muscle, a splenius cervicis muscle, a scalene muscle and a pneumaticmuscle connecting plate. Two ends of the muscles such as the musculus longus colli, the musculus longus capitis, the splenius capitis, the semispinalis capitis, the rectus capitis posterior major muscle, the inferior oblique muscle and the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle are connected with the pneumatic muscle connecting plate and the skull, so that the neck and the head are driven to bend,stretch, retract, extend and turn; and two ends of the rotator muscle, the neck multifidus muscle, the splenius cervicis muscle, the scalene muscle, the splenius capitis and the rotator muscle are connected with the ribs and the pneumatic muscle connecting plate, so that the neck and a chest are driven to bend, stretch, retract, extend and turn. The system is driven by the pneumatic muscle so as to be compact in structure, clean, good in anti-explosion performance, and capable of being applied to the fields such as teaching, demonstrating and medical diagnosing.