44 results about "Radiation propagation" patented technology

A mammography apparatus and method having an X-ray tube, an image receiver, the image receiver having one edge in contact with a patient, a compression paddle between the tube and the receiver, able to be moved up and down parallel to a direction of propagation of the X-rays, means for keeping the compression paddle in position in the radiation propagation direction, the compression paddle, in its compression position, being movable in at least one direction perpendicular to the direction of X-ray propagation and parallel to the contact edge of the image receiver. This allows a patient's breast to be rolled and presented to the image receiver in different positions thereby reducing ambiguities in possible detection of a lesion due to layers of tissue overlapping when images are taken.

An interactive display that uses a planar radiation guide (such as a planar light guide) to perform display and / or imaging. The planar radiation guide has a radiation propagation portion and a radiation interface portion. The radiation propagation portion propagates the radiation by the principles of total internal reflection (with perhaps some minor leakage). The planar radiation guide also has a radiation interface portion where radiation is more apt to exit or enter the planar radiation guide. The interactive display performs both display and imaging, while the planar radiation guide is used to perform at least one (but perhaps both) of the display and imaging operations.

A broadband antenna of an antenna system comprises a conductive plate comprising four slots. The slots are arranged in a rotation symmetrical manner in the plate. Each slot extends from a circumference of the plate towards a center of the plate. Each slot has an associated feed point located at its associated slot.The feed points associated with a pair of oppositely arranged slots are arranged to be fed with radio frequency signals, such that that a main radiation propagation direction of the antenna is along the rotational symmetry axis of the plate.The antenna design enables the achievement of flexibility in terms of isolation between the two polarisations. The antenna design may further enable a reduced size and weight. The antenna design also enables an antenna unit and an antenna array.

An optical radiation coupling module includes a waveguide for the propagation of optical radiation, an optoelectronic device arranged on a substrate, and a mechanism for coupling the radiation between the waveguide and the optoelectronic device. The coupling mechanism includes a guiding element moulded and tapered in a radiation propagation direction.

An interactive display that uses a planar radiation guide (such as a planar light guide) to perform display and / or imaging. The planar radiation guide has a radiation propagation portion and a radiation interface portion. The radiation propagation portion propagates the radiation by the principles of total internal reflection (with perhaps some minor leakage). The planar radiation guide also has a radiation interface portion where radiation is more apt to exit or enter the planar radiation guide. The interactive display performs both display and imaging, while the planar radiation guide is used to perform at least one (but perhaps both) of the display and imaging operations.

Composite interconnect structure forming methods using injection molded solder are disclosed. The methods provide a mold having at least one opening formed therein with each opening including a member of a material dissimilar to a solder to be used to fill the opening, and then fill the remainder of each opening with solder to form the composite interconnect structure. The resulting composite interconnect structure can be leveraged to achieve a much larger variety of composite structures than exhibited by the prior art. For example, the material may be chosen to be more electrically conductive than the solder portion, more electromigration-resistant than the solder portion and / or more fatigue-resistant than the solder portion. In one embodiment, the composite interconnect structure can include an optical structure, or plastic or ceramic material. The optical structure provides radiation propagation and / or amplification between waveguides in the substrate and device, and the plastic material provides fatigue-resistance.

The invention relates to a structure characterising device comprising means which are used for generating a first pump radiation and a second probe radiation and for transmitting different wavelength radiation, means for producing a time offset between said first pump and second probe radiation on the structure by means of detecting means of said second beam after the reflection or transmission thereof to said structure in such a way that an analysis signal is generated, means for processing said signal and identifying an area corresponding to the signal jump, for determining the jump amplitude according to different wavelengths, for comparing said amplitude with a theoretical amplitude variation pattern according to the wavelengths and for determining, for the wavelength characteristic for said theoretical pattern, a characteristic value associated to the structure thickness and to the radiation propagation velocity in said structure.

There is described a lighting device (100) comprising: means for generating a plurality of beams of light radiation (1, s1-sn); an optical component (4) facing said generating means to allow propagation of light radiation; a housing (2) for the generating means and for the optical component equipped with an opening (8) for the emission of light radiation. The optical component (4) is rigid and is such as to substantially fill a region interposed between the generating means and the emission opening.

A photonic crystal optical fiber made up of an array of conventional hollow core optical fibers is disclosed. The array of optical fibers omits at least one fiber to form a central hollow core. The fiber works on the principle of two-dimensional photonic crystals to confine the radiation in a guided wave within the central hollow core. The fiber has a true photonic bandgap in which radiation of a particular energy or wavelength is totally forbidden, thereby providing a very high reflection coefficient to radiation incident the walls of the central hollow core over a select range of angles. The central hollow core allows for radiation propagation with minimal absorption.

An apparatus for propagating optical radiation in a first optical mode having a first spatial mode shape, and a second optical mode having a second spatial mode shape. The first spatial mode shape is different from the second spatial mode shape. The apparatus includes an optical path and a mode transformer. The mode transformer transforms at least a portion of the first optical mode to the second optical mode. The apparatus further includes components for radiation propagation such that in use at least some of the optical radiation propagates along the optical path more than once.

A stray radiation multi-scale simulation method of a complex spatial optical detection system relates to the field of stray radiation of optical detection systems. The Monte Carlo method of light radiation propagation is used as the basic calculation principle. A modeling is performed under a multi-scale spatial geometric structure and energy levels, so as to perform a simulation calculation to spectral characteristics and energy level information characteristic identifiers. In the calculation process, inter-scale coupling relationships are introduced as bonding points of geometrical characteristics and optical characteristics under different scales. These coupling relationships include regional virtual interface light radiation characteristics, interface energy level division numbers and sampling probability models, and bidirectional reflectance distribution functions of micro-structural stray equivalent surfaces. Then a multilayer domain decomposition technology, a multilevel light division technology, and a reverse / bidirectional Monte Carlo method light tracing technology calculation method are comprehensively utilized for achieving the effective simulation of the multi-scale stray radiation transmission of the spatial optical system. The stray radiation multi-scale simulation method of the complex spatial optical detection system can be applied to the simulation of the multi-scale stray radiation of the optical detection systems.

A method for determining geometrical information about a medical treatment arrangement that includes a rotatable treatment radiation source unit is provided. The method includes attaching a phantom to a patient support of the medical treatment arrangement, attaching a calibration module to the rotatable treatment radiation source unit to permit the calibration module to rotate together with the rotatable treatment radiation source unit when the rotatable treatment radiation source unit is rotated, obtaining for each of a plurality of rotational positions of the rotatable treatment radiation source unit a projection image of the phantom and of the calibration module by an image detector, while a part of the calibration module is positioned in a radiation propagation zone between the rotatable treatment radiation source unit and the image detector, evaluating the images, obtaining an evaluation result, and determining geometrical information about the medical treatment arrangement from the evaluation result.

An X-ray apparatus has a radiation source, an interchangeable radiation filter and an area dose measuring device having a measurement chamber with an allocated evaluation device for determining the area dose product on the basis of a measured signal provided by the measurement chamber. The measurement chamber is arranged preceding the filter in the beam path with reference to the radiation propagation direction. A detector recognizes the nature and / or the type of radiation filter that is currently inserted in the beam path. The evaluation device corrects the area dose product that is calculated from the measured signal from the measurement chamber on the basis of at least one filter-specific correction value that is selected as a result of the detection of the filter nature and / or type.

A system for conversion or amplification using quasi-phase matched nonlinear optical wave-mixing comprises a first radiation source for providing a pump radiation beam, a second radiation source for providing a signal radiation beam, and a bent structure for receiving the pump radiation beam and the signal radiation beam. The radiation propagation portion of the bent structure is made of a uniform nonlinear optical material and the radiation propagation portion comprises a dimension taking into account the spatial variation of the nonlinear optical susceptibility along the radiation propagation portion as experienced by radiation travelling along the bent structure for obtaining quasi-phase matched nonlinear optical wave-mixing in the radiation propagation portion. The dimension thereby is substantially inverse proportional with the linear phase mismatch for the nonlinear optical process. The system also comprises an outcoupling radiation propagation portion for coupling out an idler radiation beam generated in the bent structure.

A method and system are presented for use in optical processing of an article by VUV radiation. The method comprises: localizing incident VUV radiation propagation from an optical head assembly towards a processing site on the article outside the optical head assembly and localizing reflected VUV radiation propagation from said processing site towards the optical head assembly by localizing a medium, non-absorbing with respect to VUV radiation, in within the light propagation path in the vicinity of said site outside the optical head assembly.

A system for conversion or amplification using quasi-phase matched nonlinear optical wave-mixing includes a first radiation source for providing a pump radiation beam, a second radiation source for providing a signal radiation beam, a bent structure for receiving the pump radiation beam and the signal radiation beam, and an outcoupling radiation propagation portion for coupling out an idler radiation beam generated in the bent structure. A radiation propagation portion of the bent structure is made of a uniform three-dimensional material at least partly covered by a two-dimensional or quasi-two-dimensional material layer and has a dimension taking into account the spatial variation of the nonlinear optical susceptibility along the radiation propagation portion as experienced by radiation traveling along the bent structure for obtaining quasi-phase matched nonlinear optical wave-mixing in the radiation propagation portion. The dimension thereby is substantially inverse proportional with the linear phase mismatch for the nonlinear optical process.

A radiation converter has a radiation absorber for generating photons dependent on the intensity of incident x-ray radiation, a photocathode arranged downstream of the radiation absorber in the radiation propagation direction at a distance therefrom and serving for generating electrons dependent on the photons emerging from the radiation absorber, a device for accelerating the electrons emerging from the photocathode onto an electron detector for generating electrical signals dependent on the impinging electrons, an electron multiplier arranged between the photocathode and the electron detector, the electrons emerging from the photocathode being multiplied by the electron multiplier.

The invention relates to a structure characterising device comprising means which are used for generating a first pump radiation and a second probe radiation and for transmitting different wavelength radiation, means for producing a time offset between said first pump and second probe radiation on the structure by means of detecting means of said second beam after the reflection or transmission thereof to said structure in such a way that an analysis signal is generated, means for processing said signal and identifying an area corresponding to the signal jump, for determining the jump amplitude according to different wavelengths, for comparing said amplitude with a theoretical amplitude variation pattern according to the wavelengths and for determining, for the wavelength characteristic for said theoretical pattern, a characteristic value associated to the structure thickness and to the radiation propagation velocity in said structure.

The invention discloses an evaluating method of sow comprehensive fertility and application thereof to pig breeding. The method includes the steps of introducing new maternal line indexes to evaluatesow fertility, wherein the new maternal line indexes include weights of the corrected day age of sows reaching the weight of 100 kg being 30%, the corrected back fat thickness of the sows reaching theweight of 100 kg being 30%, the total farrowing number being 30% and the piglet birth weight uniformity being 10%; weeding out all the sows with the new maternal line indexes lower than 100 for the backup sows, weeding out the sows with low comprehensive fertility according to the number of nipples and appearance standard, and evaluating the comprehensive fertility of the sows according to the total farrowing number, the milkability and the new maternal line indexes for the multiparous sows. By means of the method, the sows with the poor fertility and milkability can be weeded out in time, the high-level fertility and milkability of the core herd of sows are kept, the genetic progress and phenotypic progress of herds are accelerated, and the production level and earnings level of a breeding farm and a radiation propagation sow farm are improved.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for determining agricultural relevant information in an agricultural environment. It is described to provide (210) a processing unit with at least one image of an agricultural area. The at least one image was acquired by at least one satellite and / or at least one aerial vehicle such that the at least one image was acquired through a substantial depth of the Earth's atmosphere. The at least one image corresponds with at least one area of the agricultural area such that each image of the at least one image corresponds to a different area of the agricultural area. The at least one image comprises remotely acquired reflectance intensity data relating to a plurality of features on the ground. An image of the at least one image is of a first area ofthe agricultural environment. The processing unit is provided (220) with at least one sensor data relating to the first area of the agricultural environment. The at least one sensor data was acquiredby at least one ground based and / or at least one near ground based sensor. The processing unit implements (230) a radiation propagation model of the atmosphere that utilizes at least one model parameter. The at least one model parameter comprises at least one atmospheric scattering coefficient. The processing unit determines (240) modified at least one model parameter. The determination comprisesutilization of the radiation propagation model, the remotely acquired reflectance intensity data of the image of the first area and the at least one sensor data relating to the first area. The processing unit determines (250) at least one agricultural relevant information for an examination area of the at least one area. The determination utilizes the radiation propagation model, the modified at least one model parameter and an image of the at least one image that is of the examination area of the at least one area.

Composite interconnect structure forming methods using injection molded solder are disclosed. The methods provide a mold having at least one opening formed therein with each opening including a member of a material dissimilar to a solder to be used to fill the opening, and then fill the remainder of each opening with solder to form the composite interconnect structure. The resulting composite interconnect structure can be leveraged to achieve a much larger variety of composite structures than exhibited by the prior art. For example, the material may be chosen to be more electrically conductive than the solder portion, more electromigration-resistant than the solder portion and / or more fatigue-resistant than the solder portion. In one embodiment, the composite interconnect structure can include an optical structure, or plastic or ceramic material. The optical structure provides radiation propagation and / or amplification between waveguides in the substrate and device, and the plastic material provides fatigue-resistance.

A system for conversion or amplification using quasi-phase matched four-wave-mixing includes a first radiation source for providing a pump radiation beam, a second radiation source for providing a signal radiation beam, and a bent structure for receiving the pump radiation beam and the signal radiation beam. The radiation propagation portion of the bent structure is made of a uniform Raman-active or uniform Kerr-nonlinear material and the radiation propagation portion comprises a dimension taking into account the spatial variation of the Raman susceptibility or Kerr susceptibility along the radiation propagation portion as experienced by radiation travelling along the bent structure for obtaining quasi-phase-matched four-wave-mixing in the radiation propagation portion. The dimension thereby is substantially inverse proportional with the linear phase mismatch for four-wave-mixing. The system also includes an outcoupling radiation propagation portion for coupling out an idler radiation beam generated in the bent structure.

Various embodiments of millimeter-wave systems on a printed circuit board, including a microstrip, a probe, and an RF integrated circuit, as well as methods for manufacturing said systems. Various embodiments have holes extending through lamina in the PCB, thereby improving radiation propagation. Various embodiments have conductive cages created by multiple through-holes extending through lamina in the PCB, thereby increasing radiation propagation. The manufacture of such systems is easier and less expensive than the manufacture of current systems.

An integrated wavelength-selective filter device comprises a first optical element, for directing received radiation into a direction defined by a first angle, and a second optical element being a diffractive element configured for diffracting the directed radiation under a second angle. The second angle is such that for a single reference wavelength the diffracted radiation is directed into a propagation medium for advancing therein towards a predetermined position on the first optical element or on a further optical element for filtering radiation having a wavelength substantially matching the reference wavelength from radiation having a substantially different wavelength. The propagation medium is formed from a material that is different from any material of the substrate of the first and the second optical element.

The invention discloses an infrared energy-saving gas stove for Chinese cuisines, comprising support legs, a switch, a fan switch, a stove body, a filter mesh, a blowdown channel, a water basin holder, a water storage basin, a greasy dirt retainer, a faucet, a stove top, a stove head mechanism, a wok pull retainer, an ignition valve, a gas valve, a spark valve, a gas mechanism and an electromagnetic valve. An extinguishing sensor and the electromagnetic valve are provided; when liquefied gas is used as combustible gas and if the gas in the gas tank is insufficient, the stove herein is easily extinguished; the extinguishing sensor senses extinguishing and transmits data information to the electromagnetic valve; the electromagnetic valve is powered on and cuts gas flow in a gas pipeline. A hearth and an infrared energy-gathering plate are provided; when there is flames, the flames are turned into infrared ray, and heating process of a wok is quickened. Infrared radiation propagation helps greatly improve the performance of the stove herein; gas can be saved, and energy-saving rate can reach 30% and above.

A system for conversion or amplification using quasi-phase matched nonlinear optical wave-mixing includes a first radiation source for providing a pump radiation beam, a second radiation source for providing a signal radiation beam, a bent structure for receiving the pump radiation beam and the signal radiation beam, and an outcoupling radiation propagation portion for coupling out an idler radiation beam generated in the bent structure. A radiation propagation portion of the bent structure is made of a uniform three-dimensional material at least partly covered by a two-dimensional or quasi-two-dimensional material layer and has a dimension taking into account the spatial variation of the nonlinear optical susceptibility along the radiation propagation portion as experienced by radiation traveling along the bent structure for obtaining quasi-phase matched nonlinear optical wave-mixing in the radiation propagation portion. The dimension thereby is substantially inverse proportional with the linear phase mismatch for the nonlinear optical process.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for determining agricultural relevant information in an agricultural environment. It is described to provide (210) a processing unit with at least one image of an agricultural area. The at least one image was acquired by at least one satellite and / or at least one aerial vehicle such that the at least one image was acquired through a substantial depth of the Earth's atmosphere. The at least one image corresponds with at least one area of the agricultural area such that each image of the at least one image corresponds to a different area of the agricultural area. The at least one image comprises remotely acquired reflectance intensity data relating to a plurality of features on the ground. An image of the at least one image is of a first area of the agricultural environment. The processing unit is provided (220) with at least one sensor data relating to the first area of the agricultural environment. The at least one sensor data was acquired by at least one ground based and / or at least one near ground based sensor. The processing unit implements (230) a radiation propagation model of the atmosphere that utilizes at least one model parameter. The at least one model parameter comprises at least one atmospheric scattering coefficient. The processing unit determines (240) modified at least one model parameter. The determination comprising utilization of the radiation propagation model, the remotely acquired reflectance intensity data of the image of the first area and the at least one sensor data relating to the first area. The processing unit determines (250) at least one agricultural relevant information for an examination area of the at least one area. The determination utilizes the radiation propagation model, the modified at least one model parameter and an image of the at least one image that is of the examination area of the at least one area.