The invention relates to an open fireproof and heat insulation hierarchical compound fabric. The open fireproof and heat insulation hierarchical compound fabric is characterized in the structure of the hierarchical compound fabric, i.e. ,one surface of the fabric can bear the high temperature or high heat action of a strong heat flow open fire environment, and the other surface is kept at temperature of 45 to 50 DEG C approximate to the safety temperature of human skin. The compound structure of the compound fabric sequentially consists of a metal foil felt heat radiation reflection layer, a phase change material gradient compound felt heat absorption layer and a heat insulation comfort layer. The compound fabric has a natural thickness of 5 to 15mm, is actually 3 to 8mm thick after being compacted, is 500 to 1,500 grams per square meter, is a totally-inclosed, sewn and adhered protective material for fire protection and heat insulation, and can be used for physical protection and environmental heat insulation in special high-temperature places of fire control, military affairs, expedition, industry and the like.