50 results about "Hydrocarbon contamination" patented technology

A composition of an aqueous, an aqueous acid, and an aqueous alkaline foaming additive (“foamer”) functions in a wide pH range and under conditions of salt, alcohol, and hydrocarbon contamination. The foaming additive (“foamer”) composition includes a mixture of a salt of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant, a polymer or combination of polymers, and either a water miscible solvent for the liquid foamer additive or a silicon compound for a substantially anhydrous foamer additive.

The invention relates to a method for biologically restoring soil polluted by high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, concretely a method for separating and screening efficient degrading bacteria complexes and applications thereof in a field polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The method, utilizing PCR-DGG, comprises: rapidly determining relative advantage flora for degrading pollutants in a soil sample, separating and purifying the flora, optionally regrouping the flora, enlargedly culturing the flora, and re-putting the flora in to the long-term pollution soil containing high density and high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. By periodically adding a proper amount of nutrient elements with different ratio and controlling the humidity (40-60%), the advantage of the high efficiency degrading flora can be enduringly maintained. The method has high degradation efficiency, especially for the soil polluted by high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

The present invention is generally directed towards a method for removing hydrocarbon contamination from a substrate prior to a nitridation step, therein providing for a generally uniform nitridation of the substrate. The method comprises placing the substrate in a process chamber and flowing an oxygen-source gas into the process chamber. A first plasma is formed in the process chamber for a first predetermined amount of time, wherein the hydrocarbons combine with one or more species of the oxygen-source gas in radical form to form product gases. The gases are removed from the process chamber and a nitrogen-source gas is flowed into the process chamber. A second plasma is then formed in the process chamber for a second predetermined amount of time, therein nitriding the substrate in a significantly uniform manner.

An apparatus for cleaning the specimen and interior specimen chamber of Transmission Electron Microscopes, and similar electron- or charged-particle-beam instruments consisting of a plasma cleaning device mounted on a hollow rod that replaces the stage through the air lock of the instrument by being the same shape and size as the stage support rod. The plasma cleaning device is a small hollow cathode that is excited by RF power. Air or other oxygen containing mixtures is admitted to the plasma through the hollow rod at a pressure below 1 Torr. The plasma creates oxygen radicals from the oxygen containing gas. The oxygen radicals oxidize the hydrocarbons contamination and convert them to easily pumped gases. The apparatus can be attached to the electron microscope whenever cleaning is needed, and then is easily removed to return the instrument to its analytical function.

The present invention relates to microbial compositions and a process for reducing hydrocarbon contamination.

The invention discloses a marine surfactant-producing bacterial strain. The bacterial strain belongs to Salinicolasp., and is preserved on October 29th,2012 with the preservation name of Salinicolasp.LHOD-1 and the preservation serial number of CGMCC No.6715 in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC). The bacterial strain has the ability of producing surfactant, has stronger emulsion effect to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in seas, can help to remove the petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in sea water, and has no positioning and pathogenic action to mariculture organisms.

A combination of parallel processes to provide optimal re-mediation operations for contaminated soil. Soils with high levels of heavy petroleum hydrocarbons are directed to a thermal process for destruction in a combustion process. Carbon dioxide generated and recovered in the thermal process is employed as a solvent in a solvent process to clean other soils of petroleum hydrocarbons and certain chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds. In the solvent process, contaminated soils are run through a closed soil separator where the soils are washed with carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is then dried from the soil and the soil is sent for segregation. Soils with the lightest forms of hydrocarbon contamination (gasoline, etc.) are subjected to a vaporization process utilizing heat energy generated in the thermal process to heat the soil, under a partial vacuum, and the vapors generated are captured, condensed, and recovered as product.

A method and apparatus for determining the presence of heavy hydrocarbons (including those from unprocessed crude oil) in distillate streams and / or reformer feed includes taking at least one sample, spectrally analyzing the at least one sample for at least one heavy hydrocarbon component, determining the concentration of the analyzed hydrocarbon component using the spectrally determined concentration in an appropriate mathematical model, and determining the total heavy hydrocarbon concentration from the determined values for each sample.

An apparatus for cleaning the specimen and interior specimen chamber of Transmission Electron Microscopes, and similar electron- or charged-particle-beam instruments consisting of a plasma cleaning device mounted on a hollow rod that replaces the stage through the air lock of the instrument by being the same shape and size as the stage support rod. The plasma cleaning device is a small hollow cathode that is excited by RF power. Air or other oxygen containing mixtures is admitted to the plasma through the hollow rod at a pressure below 1 Torr. The plasma creates oxygen radicals from the oxygen containing gas. The oxygen radicals oxidize the hydrocarbons contamination and convert them to easily pumped gases. The apparatus can be attached to the electron microscope whenever cleaning is needed, and then is easily removed to return the instrument to its analytical function.

The invention discloses an infiltration reaction wall composite material for underwater polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollution remediation as well as a preparation method and an application method of the infiltration reaction wall composite material, and belongs to the technical field of underwater remediation. The infiltration reaction wall composite material comprises a kernel, a packing layer and a shell, wherein the kernel is made of charcoal spherical granules; the packing layer comprises 15.09-15.85% of an oxygen release agent, 30.19-31.7% of a carbon release raw material, 15.09-15.85% of a plastic bonding raw material, 6.29-6.6% of a high infiltration raw material and the balance of an adhesive; the shell comprises 53.57-55.37% of a plastic bonding raw material, 6.43-6.64% of a high infiltration raw material and the balance of an adhesive. The infiltration reaction wall composite material is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and good in repeatability, has effects of slowly releasing oxygen and carbon, is environment-friendly, free of pollution and small in round streaming, and has important significance in removing organic pollutants in underwater.

A combination of parallel processes is disclosed to provide optimal remediation operations for contaminated soil. Soils with high levels of heavy petroleum hydrocarbons are directed to a thermal process for destruction in a combustion process. Carbon dioxide generated and recovered in the thermal process is employed as a solvent in a solvent process to clean other soils of petroleum hydrocarbons and certain chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds. In the solvent process, contaminated soils are run through a closed soil separator where the soils are washed with carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is then dried from the soil and the soil is sent for segregation. Soils with the lightest forms of hydrocarbon contamination (gasoline, etc.) are subjected to a vaporization process utilizing heat energy generated in the thermal process to heat the soil, under a partial vacuum, and the vapors generated are captured, condensed, and recovered as product.

The invention relates to the technical field of remediation of contaminated environments, in particular to a method for vermiremediation synergy of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of low efficiency of an existing vermiremediation technology. Through application of an anionic surfactant rhamnolipid or a nonionic surfactant tween-80, solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil is promoted effectively, the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil is improved, and the degradation efficiency of earthworm microorganisms is improved remarkably; and meanwhile, absorption and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by earthworms are promoted, and finally the remediation efficiencyof polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is improved.

The invention provides a bacterial strain for degrading high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which belongs to microbacterium, has a preservation name of Microbacterium sp.BS-1, is preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, and has a preservation number of CGMCC No.18248. The biological characteristics are gram-positive bacteria, bacterial colonies are yellow, circular and convex, and the edges are tidy, smooth and moist. The invention further provides an application of the strain for degrading the high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a surfactant in remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil or underground water in a synergistic mode. The strain Microbacterium sp. BS-1 has the capacity of efficiently degrading high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (including pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene), can be used for repairing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution, has broad spectrum for degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,also has a better degradation effect for actual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted soil, and does not need to add other co-metabolic carbon sources.

A composition of an aqueous, an aqueous acid, and an aqueous alkaline foaming additive (“foamer”) functions in a wide pH range and under conditions of salt, alcohol, and hydrocarbon contamination. The foaming additive (“foamer”) composition includes a mixture of a salt of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant, a polymer or combination of polymers, and either a water miscible solvent for the liquid foamer additive or a silicon compound for a substantially anhydrous foamer additive.

The invention belongs to the field of soil remediation, and discloses a combined restoration method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) putting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted soil in a bioreactor, adding water at room temperature, and stirring; (2) adding 5-30U of subtilisin to every gram soil of into the bioreactor, and stirring at 30 rpm; (3) while stirring, adding sodium palmitate and methyl palmitate into the bioreactor, and continuing stirring, wherein the sodium palmitate accounts for 3.5-5 wt% of the soil, and the methyl palmitate accounts for 0.8-1.6 wt% of the soil; and (4) adding cotton straw powder into the bioreactor (the cotton straw powder accounts for 1.5-4.5 wt%), continuing stirring for 2 hours, standing, separating the soil from water, and drying to obtain the remediated soil.

A combination of parallel processes is disclosed to provide optimal re-mediation operations for contaminated soil. Soils with high levels of heavy petroleum hydrocarbons are directed to a thermal process for destruction in a combustion process. Carbon dioxide generated and recovered in the thermal process is employed as a solvent in a solvent process to clean other soils of petroleum hydrocarbons and certain chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds. In the solvent process, contaminated soils are run through a closed soil separator where the soils are washed with carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is then dried from the soil and the soil is sent for segregation. Soils with the lightest forms of hydrocarbon contamination (gasoline, etc.) are subjected to a vaporization process utilizing heat energy generated in the thermal process to heat the soil, under a partial vacuum, and the vapors generated are captured, condensed, and recovered as product.

The invention relates to a modifier enhanced thermal desorption remediation method for a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) contaminated site, which comprises the steps of (1) pretreating contaminated soil, crushing, grinding, screening, and adjusting the moisture content of the PAHs contaminated soil to obtain a standby soil sample; (2) adding a modifier into the standby soil sample by adopting a dry mixing method, and carrying out modification treatment for 24 hours to obtain modified soil; and (3) carrying out modifier enhanced thermal desorption treatment on the modified soil at the temperature of 100-300 DEG C for a certain time, and cooling after thermal desorption treatment to obtain the remediated soil. According to the method, the PAHs contaminated soil is modified through the modifier to strengthen the thermal desorption process of the PAHs, so that the desorption efficiency of the whole thermal desorption process is improved, the remediation cost is reduced, the cost effectiveness of the thermal desorption technology is also improved, and the method has a good application prospect.

The invention discloses a preparation method of polyethyleneimine-modified graphene aerogel and in particular relates to a coating material prepared from the polyethyleneimine-modified graphene aerogel. The novel method is characterized by comprising the steps: selecting polyethyleneimine to modify graphene oxide, and then, reducing graphene oxide by using ascorbic acid to generate the polyethyleneimine-modified graphene aerogel in situ. The prepared aerogel is ground and smashed and is stuck to the surface of a metal wire by using glue to prepare a solid-phase microextraction fiber of a polyethyleneimine-modified graphene aerogel coating. The solid-phase microextraction fiber prepared by using the preparation method has the advantages such as high mechanical strength, good coating stability and excellent extraction property and can be applied to enrichment analysis of a trace amount of polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in an environmental water sample if being combined with a gas chromatography so as to have a good application potential.

The invention relates to the technical field of contaminated soil remediation, and discloses application of heteroauxin in strengthening phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil. The grass family is planted in soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and carbinol aqueous solution of heteroauxin is sprayed on the surface of the soil in the process of plant growth. After growing for 80-90 days, plant bodies are harvested, dried at low temperature and processed in a centralized mode. The application of the heteroauxin in strengthening phytoremediation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil has the advantages of simple processes, low cost and in-situ remediation, does not cause influence or damage on the surroundings, and is good in remediation effect of organic contaminated soil of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the like and applicable to remediation of the organic contaminated soil.

Methods for identifying hydrocarbon contamination sources may include fingerprinting hydrocarbons using isotopocule analyses for BTEX compounds. For example, methods for identifying hydrocarbon contamination sources may comprise: extracting BTEX compounds from a sample; measuring the isotopocule composition of the BTEX compounds; and determining a characteristic of the sample based on the isotopocule composition. Such characteristics may include, but are not limited to, the characteristic of the sample comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of: a source of the sample, a condition at which the sample formed or was last equilibrated, a migration time from a source to a sample location, weathering of the sample, and degree to which the sample is anthropogenic and naturally-occurring.

The invention discloses a soil petroleum hydrocarbon remediation device and remediation method, through combined use of iron-rich sodium charcoal, an oxidizing agent, microorganisms and / or plant iris tectorum, a good remediation effect can be achieved on petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, especially under the condition of combined use of the oxidizing agent, the remediation effect is remarkably improved, the soil cannot be damaged, and the remediation effect is good. The remediation method provided by the invention is easy to operate, low in cost, free of secondary pollution to soil, high in safety, capable of effectively performing in-situ remediation and high in petroleum hydrocarbon removal rate.

The invention discloses a nano bioremediation method for high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated site soil. The method comprises the following steps: adding a carbon nanomaterial and a base fertilizer into the high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated site soil, uniformly spreading medicago sativa seeds into the contaminated soil, keeping the water content of the soil at 60% of the field water capacity, harvesting plants when medicago sativa grows to a flowering or maturation period, and removing the plants from the contaminated soil. According tothe method, the problems of low removal efficiency, long repair period and the like of a bioremediation technology can be solved; the advantages of the nanotechnology and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant degradation by plant rhizosphere are fully exerted; the remediation efficiency is improved, the remediation period is shortened, operation is easy, secondary pollution cannot be caused inthe remediation process, disturbance to soil is small, the economic cost is low, and thus efficient, environment-friendly, economical and sustainable remediation of the site contaminated soil is achieved, and the method has wide application prospects in the field of remediation of the high-concentration polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil.

The invention discloses a marine surfactant-producing bacterial strain. The bacterial strain belongs to Salinicolasp., and is preserved on October 29th,2012 with the preservation name of Salinicolasp.LHOD-1 and the preservation serial number of CGMCC No.6715 in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC). The bacterial strain has the ability of producing surfactant, has stronger emulsion effect to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in seas, can help to remove the petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in sea water, and has no positioning and pathogenic action to mariculture organisms.

The method by which a small amount of gaseous organic metal is loaded in a vacuum atmosphere, the gaseous organic metal is decomposed by irradiation with an electron beam, and metal components are deposited on a beam-irradiated portion has the problem that the deposited portion is rendered amorphous by hydrocarbon contamination, so that the conductivity and strength of the deposit considerably deteriorate. The invention solves the problem by a method by which the gaseous organic metal is decomposed by irradiation with the electron beam and the metal components are deposited on the beam-irradiated portion, wherein the deposited portion is irradiated with a laser, heated by a heater, or irradiated with infrared rays during deposition, thereby allowing the molding of a crystalline metal deposit with excellent conductivity and strength.

The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a screening method of coastal wetland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution purification and remediationplants. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) performing field plant investigation: carrying out current distribution situation investigation on coastal wetland plants tobe remediated, and determining coastal wetland plants to be remediated through sample line and quadrat investigation; (2) screening local plants; (3) performing environmental simulation of differentpollution degrees of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; (4) planting remediation plants; and (5) evaluating and screening the remediation plants. The screening method is comprehensive, systematic and efficient, and factors and contents influencing the evaluation and screening of the remediation plants are found.

The invention provides a method for detecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in soil. The method comprises the following steps of: S1, adding an extractant into a soil sample, performing concentrating, and fixing the volume to obtain a to-be-detected sample solution; and S2, adding the to-be-detected sample solution into a mixed solution of formaldehyde and concentrated sulfuric acid,observing a reaction result, and comparing the reaction result with reaction results of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon standard substance solutions with different concentrations and the mixed solution of formaldehyde and concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the soil. the invention further provides a kit for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon detection. The method and the kit are adopted for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration detection of the soil; detection can be completed through visual comparison; operation is easy; consumed time is short; cost is low; detection can be completed on a soil remediation site without sending a sample into a laboratory. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon restoration effect and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant removal effect of the restoration technology can be timely and rapidly reflected.

The invention provides a method for repairing in-situ electrochemical circulation wells polluted by chlorinated hydrocarbons. The steps are as follows: dig wells in groundwater polluted areas, and install well pipes in the wells, wherein every two wells form a group, and in each group of wells, One well is used as a water injection well, and the other well is used as a water pumping well. The top end of the well pipe is open and the bottom end is closed. Several small holes are opened on the lower end of the well pipe; the anode plate is suspended into the water injection well and the cathode plate, the anode plate and the cathode plate are respectively connected to the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply arranged outside the well through wires; the power supply is started to energize the anode plate and the cathode plate, and at the same time, the groundwater in the pumping well is continuously pumped by a water pump and injected into the water injection well In order to strengthen the groundwater flow circulation, the hydrogen and oxygen produced in the water injection wells diffuse to the aquifer under the action of the groundwater flow circulation to promote the chemical / microbial degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the groundwater. The restoration method provided by the invention has stable effects and is environmentally friendly.

The invention relates to a road sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon source analysis method coupled with a migration and transformation process. The method comprises the following main steps: 1, collecting a road sediment sample at a set sample point; 2, determining the content concentrations and detection limits of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sample by using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC / MS) to establish an acceptor matrix C and an uncertainty matrix U for describing the contents of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sample point; 3, establishing a source component spectrum library matrix S of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon source; The method provided by the invention can provide technical support for an environmental management department to formulate regional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution control countermeasures, so that the environmental management department can quickly identify a pollution source through a completesource analysis method when facing a road polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution problem, thereby carrying out effective pollution prevention and control.